The Ballad of Henry Knox

by: William Rivers Pitt, t r u t h o u t | Columnist

The Ballad of Henry Knox
Battle of Bunker Hill. (Illustration: Engraving from painting by John Trumbull)

    I've spent the last several weeks trying to come up with some pithy metaphor or analogy to frame everything that's going on in some optimistic or courageous light, but it's been nothing doing. Everybody's all up in arms over the million-dollar bonuses about to be collected by A.I.G. executives, and for good reason, but all the shouting over those millions has obscured questions about where the hundreds of billions in bailout money is going. The looming multi-trillion dollar credit default swap crisis could wipe the entire banking industry off the map if it isn't dealt with. Nuclear-armed Pakistan is trembling on the brink of collapse, and very large bombs are still going off all over the place in Iraq and Afghanistan. No, I don't think anyone's ever written a folk song about this kind of thing.

    But then along came Tuesday, which was St. Patrick's Day, which for most of the country was a day of wearing green and eating corned beef and cabbage and listening to the Pogues and getting really, really, really, really drunk. In Boston, however, we do things a little differently. Don't get me wrong, it's still St. Patrick's Day here. Every single one of the 900,000 college students who live here was mumbling, stumbling, barfing-down-their-Flogging-Molly-shirt wrecked by the time Tuesday flipped over to Wednesday, and there were more scally caps per square inch than anywhere in the world outside of Dublin.

    But St. Patrick's Day is also called Evacuation Day in Boston, and that's a really good story.

    It begins a few miles down Route 2, on the green in Lexington on April 19, 1775, where the first shots of the Revolutionary War were fired. The American militiamen chased the British Regulars all the way back to Boston, where they dug in and laid siege to the city for the next eleven months. The British had total control of the city, and the British fleet had fully invested the harbor. The desire by both sides to occupy the heights above the city led to the Battle of Bunker Hill on June 17, but the engagement proved indecisive, though more costly to the British on balance, and the combatants lapsed into a stalemate that would last through the winter.

    The American militias were faced with a dilemma. Within the city, the British were heavily enforced with both men and heavy weapons, and the fleet in the harbor had enough firepower to annihilate the city. The Americans, on the other hand, barely had an army at all. The militias were so light on weaponry, in fact, that they were issued spears at one point to fend off a potential British attack. But then a young bookseller named Henry Knox had an idea. Earlier that spring, Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen had led a successful attack on Fort Ticonderoga, 300 miles northwest near the southern tip of Lake Champlain in the province of New York. The lightly defended fort had fallen, delivering to Arnold and Allen a large number of British cannons.

    Knox put the question to Gen. George Washington: What if we brought those cannons to Boston?

    Washington signed off on the plan, and dispatched Knox and a large force of men to Ticonderoga on December 1. Knox arrived four days later and immediately began disassembling the guns - 43 heavy cannons, six coehorns, eight mortars and two howitzers - to be loaded onto specially-made flat-bottomed boats. They had to make the 30-mile trip across the lake before it froze, and rowing into a howling gale, barely made it before ice took hold. By Christmas, several feet of snow lay over the hundreds of miles standing between the guns and the city. Using 80 oxen, Knox and his men dragged 42 sleds weighing more than 5,000 pounds each past Albany, across the frozen Hudson and across Massachusetts, finally arriving in Boston on January 24, 1776.

    Six weeks later, British General Howe looked up at Dorchester Heights above the harbor and was flabbergasted to discover American gun batteries trained down on the precious British fleet. The militias had distracted British forces with a skirmish in Cambridge the night before, and had quietly sneaked the cannons onto the heights, constructing emplacements right under the British force's nose. They had even piled logs in next to the actual cannons in order to make it seem as if they were even more heavily armed. "The rebels did more in one night," Howe said, "than my whole army would have done in one month."

    For a while, the British tried to clear the rebels off the heights with tremendous barrages fired from the fleet. Exactly four Americans were killed, and the rebels happily collected more than 700 cannonballs that had fallen harmlessly around them. Finally, the British sent word to Washington that they would not destroy the city if they were allowed to withdraw unmolested. Boston was emptied of British forces as the troops were loaded onto the ships in the harbor. On March 17, 1776, the winds became favorable, and the fleet put to sea.

    The British were gone, never to return. It was, and has been ever since, Evacuation Day in Boston.

    So, what does this have to do with A.I.G., the banks, the economy, the wars and the troubles? Maybe nothing. Maybe everything. Henry Knox dragged more than 200,000 pounds of gunmetal across a frigid lake, a frozen river and 300 snowy miles of New York and Massachusetts. With this one unimaginable act of leadership, Knox freed the city of Boston from British control, and began the downhill run towards the Declaration of Independence and national liberation. The entire enterprise proved to be a long and grueling slog, but nothing better represents the ordeals of that age than Henry Knox, his oxen, his sleds, his men and his journey.

    The moral? Hard times require hard patriots, audacity, courage, strength and endurance ... one step at a time. This country was forged by men and women daunted by the seeming impossibility of their situation, but who never wavered, and who eventually prevailed. I think there are ten zillion folk songs written about this kind of thing, and before we're done overcoming all that confronts us now, they will have written even more.

    Happy Evacuation Day.

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William Rivers Pitt is a Truthout editor and columnist.  He is also a New York Times and internationally bestselling author of two books: "War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know" and "The Greatest Sedition Is Silence." His newest book, "House of Ill Repute: Reflections on War, Lies, and America's Ravaged Reputation," is now available from PoliPointPress.


Comments

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Well, Mr. Pitt, you've done

Well, Mr. Pitt, you've done it again. A truly inspiring column. In these dark days we desperately need reminders that there is greatness somewhere in our deep history. So no more green beer for this Scots-Irish-American. But can we think of a better moniker than Evacuation Day? Unless we can renew and celebrate this great story by flushing away all the scumbag bankers who are fleecing us for their trillions in gambling debts, the name seems a bit too scatalogical to me. Anyway, thank you.


W.R.P....you have written

W.R.P....you have written very good articles over the years and you saw through the smoke and screen of Bush and company early on, not that it took x-ray vision to detect the cancerous growth. I wonder now if you can see through the much subtler deception of Obama?


Mr. Pitt reminds us that it

Mr. Pitt reminds us that it took great feats of patriotism to build America. It is taking a great wave of patriotism to keep America alive if no longer strong. I think that if those bankers who received over $1,000,000 in bonuses, after having endangered the economic system of the US by taking undue risks, had any sense of patriotism at all, they would voluntarily give back the moneyand express a wish that the system might be reformed so that this could not happen again.


Mr. MMcKinley, you are

Mr. MMcKinley, you are right...a truly inspiring column. As a military history major, it does me proud. I have to disagree with you on the name of the day, though. Scatalogical references seem quite appropriate under the present circumstances.


To "subtler deception:" Even

To "subtler deception:" Even if Barack Obama is practicing some kind of deception, if we organize effectively we can help shape his tendencies and policies. An example is the massive outrage over the AIG's scandalous bonuses. One day his surrogates are on TV saying, "Oh, there are contracts." Next day there's a much more severe attitude coming out of the White House. This is the bloodless revolution that Obama was telling us about. He can only do so much. He can't directly prosecute the war criminals. Why? Because of what happened after Nixon's being driven from the White House. But the Congress can force the Justice Department to investigate [I'm not a big fan of Truth & Reconciliation]; foreign nations can arrest Bush if he sets foot on their soil. Things can be done over and above Obama. We just have to have to vision and the will and the courage. That's W.P. Root's message, to me at least. And it's about everything--health, energy, jobs, education, foreign policy, science, the justice system, you name it. That's what's meant by "systemic."


Written by a New Englander

Written by a New Englander and it shows! 15:01 below mentions Obama's "subtle deception"; it seems that he wants very badly to stress that he is responsible and balanced. Hopefully Obama will find a comfort level very soon and help the people take bold action, in this area and others (like civil liberties).


Nice story re Henry Knox.

Nice story re Henry Knox. Unfortunately, there's more to Knox's story that resonates with the upper-class exploitation of the poor that's characteristic of more recent US history. Knox was a major land-owner and -speculator in northern New England, closely associated with the most rapacious elements of the Boston merchant and rentier classes, the sorts of people who drove Shay's followers into rebellion in 1786-87, and after the Revolutionary War Knox's and his agents' harsh measures drove the Scots-Irish and other small farmers of Maine (then part of Massachusetts) into their own full-scale and violent rebellion.


I will forgive some

I will forgive some deception if Obama dismantles fractional reserve banking and starts paying off the national debt with debt-free treasury notes. Must see: google "The Money Masters" for eye opening info on what is really going on and who present day patriots need to fight off. It's way beyond political parties and ideologies now.

The old-time patriots had one thing going for them that we don't have now--they knew what they were really fighting. They knew that what the English were there to do was not just to enforce taxation, it was to enforce the take-over the colonial financial system which would have spelled economic slavery for the colonists.



Wonderful post! "... then a

Wonderful post! "... then a young BOOKSELLER named Henry Knox had an idea" Indeed! Washington gets the credit for persevering thru those many years of rebellion and war and he deserves it. But there were many lesser known heros of those amazing times. Besides Knox's terrific feat of cannon transport, there was John Glover, a fisherman from Gloucester, Massachusetts who saved Washington's army on numerous occasions notably at Brooklyn Heights and at the crossing of the Delaware that fateful night. We read about what those 'rebels' did, with flintlocks, knee britches, and quill pens and we are greatly amazed that it all came off as it did to start this improbable country! AIG swindlers and Wall Street thieves are not fit to scrape the mud off those patriots' shoes.