Another Step Toward Mainstreaming Nonviolence
Saturday 12 February 2011
by: Ken Butigan | Waging Nonviolence | Op-Ed
The movement that ended President Hosni Mubarak’s thirty year autocratic rule not only has created a spectacular breakthrough for Egyptian democracy, it has bequeathed a priceless gift to the rest of us in every part of the planet.
For eighteen days the Egyptian people carried out an unarmed revolution with determination, creativity, and a daring willingness to risk. They marched, they improvised, they prayed, they connected with one another. Most of all, they stayed put—and invited the nation to join them.
Faced with a corrupt and dictatorial police state, such a movement might have been tempted to wage armed struggle. Instead, they reached for, experimented with, and remained largely steadfast about another way: nonviolent people power.
Hence the tactics they chose: Massive demonstrations, brazen and ubiquitous use of social media, befriending the army, work stoppages, and eventually the call for a general strike.
Nonviolent people power operates on the assumption that systems of violence and injustice are not absolute and implacable. Rather, they are kept in place by pillars of support. These props include the police and army; the media; economic forces; cultural and ideological structures; and the general population. The job of a nonviolent resistance movement is to remove this support. Key to this process is alerting, educating, and mobilizing a growing number of people throughout the nation or society to withdraw their consent – and to overcome their fear of the consequences for doing so.
By staying this challenging course over the past three weeks – in the face of jailings, torture, organized thugs, demonization by state media, as well as a series of government half-measures designed to prevent real change – the Egyptian pro-democracy movement pulled down these pillars of citizen consent, economic viability, a number of elites, and even state media. (According to an Egyptian blogger who writes as Zeinobia, one of the state television news readers today said, “We apologize, we read lies against our own will.”)
As each of these supports gave way, the Mubarak presidency, despite its hubris and long-time projection of invincibility, was rendered powerless.
The gift that the Egyptian people have placed in each of our hands is the crystal clear example of the power of ordinary people to unleash seismic social change. It is the latest in an increasingly long line of such examples—from the labor movement and the struggle for women’s suffrage, to the Indian Independence movement and the US Civil Rights movement, to the string of breath-taking nonviolent people-power movements that have toppled dictatorial regimes, including in the Philippines, Chile, the Soviet Union, Indonesia, Serbia, Georgia, Ukraine, and Tunisia.
Each of these prior cases has been incalculably important. What makes the accomplishment in Egypt especially valuable to the rest of the world at this time, however, is that (given the determination of the demonstrators, the stubbornness of the regime, and the ubiquity of social media and other technological innovations) many of us were able to follow this struggle step by step in real time and to therefore see in minute detail how this kind of monumental change happens.
We were able to see this campaign in slow motion: the initial call, the gathering momentum, the series of repressive attacks, the galvanizing power of Days of Prayer, the lulls, the unexpected developments (the release of Wael Ghonim, for example, and his electrifying television interview), the government’s ineffective sticks and even more ineffective carrots, the wave of strikes that began to spread across the country, the much anticipated resignation speech that turned out to be a defiant declaration of authority, and then the undoing of that authority the next day.
This eighteen day saga riveted the world. It offered us a new, three-dimensional awareness of our power to make change through determined, nonviolent action. And it offers us a glimmer of hope as we stand at a monumental crossroads in human history.
In a time of virtually permanent war, growing poverty, threats to civil liberties, ecological devastation, and many other problems, humanity faces the challenge and opportunity to choose powerful and creative nonviolent alternatives. We can continue to opt for the devastating spiral of violence and injustice, or we can build civil societies where the dignity of all is respected and the needs of all are met. True peace and long-term human survival depend on this.
Egypt gives us a clear and radiant example of the nonviolent option.
As President Obama said in a press conference after Hosni Mubarak’s resignation, “It was the moral force of nonviolence, not terrorism, not mindless killing but nonviolence, a moral force that bent the arc of history toward justice once more.”
For eighteen days, Egypt “mainstreamed nonviolence.” Mainstreaming nonviolence does not mean creating a utopia where conflict, violence, and injustice do not exist. Instead, it is the process of nurturing a culture that advances nonviolent options for addressing complicated challenges in ways that are neither violent nor passive. We have much to learn from this powerful experiment in this peaceful and determined struggle for justice.
All of us owe debt of gratitude to the pro-democracy movement in Egypt for this monumental gift that reveals for people everywhere the power and possibilites of nonviolent change in a world wracked by violence and injustice.
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Comments
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This is why our protests in
Sun, 02/13/2011 - 14:32 — Uppity Woman (not verified)This is why our protests in the US mean nothing to our politicians. We all go home at the end of the day.
18 days is a long time to be under siege when one is not accustomed to deprivation. To a desperate people who have lived a life under siege, it must seem a miracle that it could happen so quickly. It is the best story of the new millennium so far, and I hope the beginning of a global frenzy to be good to one another, to be on the correct side of history.
Don't imagine for an instant
Sun, 02/13/2011 - 15:39 — A. Benway (not verified)Don't imagine for an instant that the US would permit a non-violent situation similar to the business in Egypt. Servile scientists in USA provide whiz-bang gadgets that start with "pain-compliance" and extend to the obscene.
However, so-called "non-violence" is not really non-violent. Instead it uses the violence of the opponent to undermine that opponent. That's the whole point...
I'm sorry, I didn't see
Sun, 02/13/2011 - 19:07 — Anonymous (not verified)I'm sorry, I didn't see Egyptian people walking up to the police and saying, "Hello, we would like you to arrest fifty of us today. We're not going to try to fight you. We know you're just doing your job." I didn't see people going limp. People threw a lot of stones at the security forces. They attacked the security guys with clubs and bare hands. People were angry as well as disciplined. People didn't run away from tear gas canisters—they returned them. People fought back when the government's thugs attacked them. Don't you know that hundreds of people were killed and thousands wounded? And don't you know that there is still grave danger ahead?
There are other ways of resisting and overcoming besides armed struggle or nonviolence. And this struggle didn't start on Jan. 25 or end yesterday. Why can't yall see people as they are? Maybe we can learn something different from what other people are going through rather than keep on seeing the world through rose colored glasses.
There was nothing
Mon, 02/14/2011 - 08:30 — Anonymous (not verified)There was nothing non-violent about the revolt in Egypt. More than 300 people died…that we know of. Thousands have been arrested, detained or "disappeared." People fought the police and set up security units in neighborhoods to fend off attacks by pro-government thugs. They armed themselves with whatever they could get their hands on.
This is no victory for Progressive opportunists seeking legitimacy by cutting and pasting their name into a righteous revolt against tyranny.
And the revolution in Egypt hasn't ended with the installation of a US backed military regime dedicated to the same tyranny Mubarek and the US employed for the last 30 years. It has only just begun.
The problem with violence is
Tue, 02/15/2011 - 11:59 — A. Benway (not verified)The problem with violence is that the outcome cannot be predicted. As the scale increases the un-predictability goes off the scale. (Accordingly, I avoid and despise violence as a method.) As anonymous 8:30 points out, the Egypt business was violent - but the point is that the violence was in overwhelming measure done by the State, not by the people. The whole mechanism of "non-violence" as a method depends on this, the asymmetry that results from the powerful resorting to violence. This also minimizes the un-predictability.
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