Business Culture and the Death of Public Education: The Triumph of Management Over Leadership

by: Henry A. Giroux, t r u t h o u t | Op-Ed

Henry A. Giroux | Business Culture and the Death of Public Education: The Triumph of Management Over Leadership
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg. (Photo: Angela Radulescu / Flickr)

The recent news that Mayor Bloomberg has anointed Cathleen P. Black, the chairwomen of Hearst Magazines, as the new chancellor of the New York City school system is another high profile example of how much business elites in the United States despise public education and its traditional role as a guardian of civic values, democratic politics and public culture. It appears that Black's only suitability for the job is that she has "extraordinary qualifications as a manager," has "marketing prowess" and has participated "in a mentor day with Michelle Obama at a Detroit public school and, several years ago, [served] as 'principal for a day' in a school in the south Bronx."(1) This appointment could provide fodder for a skit for "Saturday Night Live" if it were not both true and tragic. Of course, there is a larger script here that points to the increasing power of corporate leaders and a business elite to eviscerate from public schooling any vestige of public values, democratic modes of governance, teacher autonomy, critical thinking and a vision of schooling as a space in which to teach students to be critical thinkers and engaged citizens. Within this stripped-down view of schooling, enlightened self-interest, efficiency and market-driven values rule. In this view, management is divorced from any viable sense of leadership and the connection between schooling and the public good is replaced with a business model of schooling that disregards both the social and any vision not defined by the crudest forms of power, instrumental rationality and mathematical utility.

It is important to note that the business culture at work here not only reduces all social bonds to market relations, it also gives us shocking levels of inequality, impoverishment and a market morality that issued in the second Gilded Age with its ode to rapacious greed, moral impoverishment and an utter indifference to the massive hardships and suffering it produced globally with the economic recession of 2008. Management divorced from leadership privatizes hope, deskills teachers, treats students as consumers and exhibits an utter disdain for any mode of knowledge that cannot be reduced to empirical forms of measurement. It is more concerned with training than educating, and it increasingly relies on punishment models of governance when dealing with teachers and unions while simultaneously using harsh disciplinary measures against those students viewed as disposable because they are poor, black, or viewed as flawed learners. The mode of authority at work in this type of management is not simply punitive and overly dictatorial; it is also a caricature of a viable notion of leadership and social vision. It does not lead, but tramples, bullies and uses fear as its modus operandi. This is a mode of authority and management that believes that money is the only incentive for working hard, making knowledge meaningful and understanding the dynamics of learning. The egoism and cult of efficiency and materialism that informs this view of schooling and the world has no way of recognizing anti-democratic tendencies in the culture, has no language for recognizing how private troubles are related to social problems, ignores ethical issues, and lacks the slightest insight into what it means to educate young people as critical citizens.

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Business management of the market fundamentalist stripe now trumps any trace of a democratic social vision, while corporate and private interests take the place of public values and notions of the collective good. Unfortunately, the real story here is not about outsiders from the business world with little classroom or educational experience being appointed to positions of leadership in public schools systems. On the contrary, it represents the rise of a market-driven culture and apparatus of power that fills the void in a society in which informed memory is under siege and neoliberal pedagogy permeates every aspect of the cultural apparatus. Bloomberg's actions once again suggest the power of a business culture and corporate class that despises debate, hates the formative culture that makes democracy possible and is willing to strip public education of all of those values and practices that suggest that it might serve as a democratic public sphere for generations of young people. Under this market-driven notion of schooling, management has been embraced as a Petri dish for stripping education of even minimal ethical principles and poses a growing threat to public life and the promise of democracy. Mayor Bloomberg's notion of management does not identify agencies of change, hope and social responsibility because these are attributes that inform democratic modes of leadership. There is no call to liberate the imagination in his view of management, just the often strident, if not illiterate, attempt to measure knowledge, bestow learning with the most stripped-down capacities and sever teachers and education from any notion of self- and social empowerment and social change. Market-driven notions of management do not mobilize the individual imagination and social visions. On the contrary, they do everything possible to make them irrelevant to the discourse of leadership. Bloomberg's appointment of an entirely unqualified, former Hearst executive is symptomatic of the crisis of leadership we face currently in the United States, when democratic visions and public values fall into disrepute. In this instance, Bloomberg and the market-driven billionaires who support his view of education are now asking the American people to be proud of what we, in fact, should be ashamed of - the rise of a market-driven business culture that hates democracy and the forms of education that make it possible.

Footnote:

1. All of these quotes are from Elissa Gootman and Jennifer Medina, "Mayor Takes Idea of Education Outsider to New Level," New York Times (November 10, 2010), p. A32.

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Henry A. Giroux currently holds the Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department. He has taught at Boston University, Miami University of Ohio, and Penn State University. His most recent books include: Youth in a Suspect Society (Palgrave, 2009); Politics After Hope: Obama and the Crisis of Youth, Race, and Democracy (Paradigm, 2010); Hearts of Darkness: Torturing Children in the War on Terror (Paradigm, 2010); and he is working on two new books titled Zombie Politics and Culture in the Age of Casino Capitalism and Education and the Crisis of Public Values, both of which will be published in 2011 by Peter Lang Publishers. Giroux is also a member of Truthout's Board of Directors. His website is www.henryagiroux.com.

 

 


Comments

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The absolute last thing the

The absolute last thing the ruling elite want are educated, critically thinking citizens. It's teaching the slaves to read. What the ruling elite wants are obedient workers, able to read well enough to operate the machinery, but still remain stupid enough not notice longer hours, shittier wages and working conditions, pensions that disappear when you go to collect them, and a corporate government that threw them overboard thirty-plus years ago. As George Carlin said, it's called the American Dream for a reason: you have to be asleep to believe it.



Professor Giroux's insights

Professor Giroux's insights rarely, if ever, fail to incite in a most inspiring manner -- albeit an appropriately pessimistic one.

However, I notice something in the last of the footnoted quotes found in the first paragraph of this piece that is quite puzzling -- and because of the third-hand nature of the quote, it's impossible to tell to whom it should be attributed or whether it was intentional (i.e., whether it may have been a "[sic]" moment):

"...[served] as 'principle for a day' at a school in the south Bronx."

Is this the wording which was intended? If so, there are some fascinating (and potentially, monstrously ironic) implications in that choice of phrase, nestled in among the multiple entendres.

But isn't it more likely -- hopefully (yet still ironically) -- that the intended word was actually 'principal'?



Yes, a soup of education

Yes, a soup of education styles to be imported here quite shortly, namely china's dictatorial schools, and the gatesesque free-market engineering schools he set up in india to import engs at bargain wages for the high-tech US labor mkt.

Apparently, the impediments that once existed to validate the reality that all this "free-market will save us" as utter folly have simply been washed away by katrina, the twin towers, finl corruption, and a gluttonous expansion into the perpetual wor and empire.



If anyone ever tried to run

If anyone ever tried to run a Hearst or Gannett newspaper, or any newspaper she had anything to do with, Black would likely scoff and ask for journalistic credentials. But, because she once went to school, she has the hubrus to think she knows enough to run a school system. But let's look at the possibilities: McSchool, like McPaper, and payment to teachers at near-starvation wages (a la wages atmost Gannett and a lot of Hearst papers). Bloomberg is a fool - and Black is an even greater fool -- and the New York City citizens are the greatest losers in this decision.



I totally disagree with

I totally disagree with your article! Guardian of civic values, democratic politics and public culture...Ha! Bloated bureaucratic lifers, and the destructive role that unions have had in teaching TRUE values to our kids...that is my impression of the past few decades of public education. Shame on you. NOBODY, no institution, should be allowed to fail year-on-year and yet be allowed to maintain their formulas and non-competitive culture. The real world is a meritocracy. Recently, innovators and free thinkers have challenged the long-held "myths" that education was this untouchable system of protected employees---and proven that you CAN make dramatic improvements in the spirit, effort, and performance of the poorest school districts in the nation. I am liberal, believe that racism persists, and that we need to keep trying to raise up our lowest classes in society. The NAACP though is as bad as the teacher's unions, fighting old wars and failing to take responsibility for a cycle of failure. Good for the Mayor. Break Glass America! Flip open all these "fixed games" that drive our nation to weaker footing on the world stage. If you fail (adults), then you step aside and let new ideas and new people take charge.



"Principle For a

"Principle For a Day"

Follow-up to my previous remark: This was apparently a truthout transcription error. The online version of the New York Times article from which the quote originates refers (correctly) to Ms. Black, "...serving as 'principal for a day' in a school in the South Bronx. "

But in either case -- the monstrous and bitter irony remains.



Run schools like a business.

Run schools like a business. hahaha Will there be the Dollar/99c Schools, the Dented Can Schools, the Cheap Goods for the Middle Class Schools, the Rodeo Drive Schools? Of course, all of them operating with public tax dollars given to private businesses.

A sham, a scam, a shame.



@23:56 Hey Tom, you're no

@23:56

Hey Tom, you're no liberal, to be sure, but Looney indeed you are. Learn to think deeper, but the problem here is you can only cultivate what's already present. Morally bankrupt from the beginning means morally bankrupt in the end. Or as Judge Judy says: Beauty Fades, Dumb is Forever.

Henry hits the mark, again, with impeccable precision, much to your hollow protests!



Public schools are only one

Public schools are only one of the important social institutions that are imperiled by the current downsizing of the public sector. Unfortunately, Professor Giroux's amazing riff on the perceived rationale and purpose for this appointment appear to be motivated solely by the fact of Ms. Black's appointment, her lack of specific experience in managing education, and his concern for reinvigorating our schools as places where young people can be nurtured. Certainly a bureacracy as large as the New York City Schools require skilled management at the helm, and appointment of such a person does not in and of itself result in the dire consequences the Professor fears. Please provide some context for those of us unfamiliar with the recent history of New York City education under her predecessor's leadership. Do the facts of Mr. Bloomberg's history support such a ghoulish scenario?



His insights are right on

His insights are right on the money (sic), but Mr. Giroux is a case in point for his thesis. NYT wrote <<... serving as “principal for a day” in a school in the South Bronx.>>

I'm happy to see in Mr. Giroux's version that Ms. Black had at least one principle for one day, however.

And finally, did anybody really expect other on this front from Bloomberg?



Re: Tom Looney: .Ha! Bloated

Re: Tom Looney:
.Ha! Bloated bureaucratic lifers, and the destructive role that unions have had in teaching TRUE values to our kids...
======================
You want a vision of what the "free market" will do to public education? Then look at our profit based health care system. A voracious mafia-like scheme with for profit insurance companies skimming 20% off the top....with a whopping 45 million completely cut out of the system.

This is all a scheme for the Right to destroy a hated and formidable enemy: The NEA and AFT.



Indoctrination is not

Indoctrination is not education, but B-school whizzes don't know that. Education is not a commodity to be "marketed." Students are not "customers" though that idea has been infecting our educational culture for well over a decade, at least in administrative ("management"!) circles. The well-documented contrasts in actual competencies between American graduates and those from many other countries, including some in the "third world," reflect the systemic differences of their educational methods and philosophies. But we never learn -- we just spout business wnkery and call it education.



Educators are always having

Educators are always having to dance to the whims of administration while trying to implement the best instructional strategies - whims that are usually in opposition of best practices. Why hasn't administration been scrutinized throughout this down-with-public-education campaign? I'm not referring primarily to principals, though many are just trying to climb the ladder on the backs of beleaguered teachers. Take a closer look at your superintendents and their subordinates, if you can. Spin City at its finest. It's not about the kids, folks.
Of course, this is generalization, but I've been there, done that, as the saying goes.
The public sector better wise up and speak up or their children's right to a free education will soon be for the haves and screw the have nots.



The answer is simple: 1)

The answer is simple:
1) Imprison the rich.
2) Liquidate their assets.
3) Impoverish their families.
4) Write laws so no one can ever get that rich again.
5) Force former CEOs into manual labor jobs that help the community at large.
6) Keep them separated from the general population.
7) Don't let the worst (Blankfein, Diamond, The Kochs) ever see the light of day.
Implimentation would help this country enormously. Too bad we lack the cojones to actually initiate such change. Without it, we're sunk.



Sat, 11/13/2010 - 13:49 —

Sat, 11/13/2010 - 13:49 — Anonymous (not verified)

"1) Imprison the rich.
2) Liquidate their assets."

I hate to break the news to you, but, once you accomplish Step #1, Step #2 becomes impossible, as there are no buyers for those assets (liquidating assets means to sell them in order to raise cash).

But, thank you for providing an example of how our schools turn out people with no critical thinking skills.



Sat, 11/13/2010 - 13:49 —

Sat, 11/13/2010 - 13:49 — Anonymous (not verified)

Some words of wisdom from a man who lived under the system you describe:

"Anyone who has proclaimed violence his method inexorably must choose lying as his principle."

"It is not because the truth is too difficult to see that we make mistakes... we make mistakes because the easiest and most comfortable course for us is to seek insight where it accords with our emotions - especially selfish ones."

"Man has set for himself the goal of conquering the world but in the processes loses his soul."

- Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

PS. Would your plan apply to Oprah, Obama, Soros, and all those other rich liberal Democrats? If so, you'd lose most of your Congressmen.



Looney is just that. I've

Looney is just that. I've been a teacher in private and public schools for twenty plus year. Teachers did have more academic freedom in the past. Now it's all about having 'aligned' curriculum, teaching to so-called 'standards' so that kids can pass multiple-choice standardized tests. I still make my students write, and ask what they think and know. I only have a few more years, and hope I can make it to retirement. Then I'll have to worry if my retirement money isn't taken away to fund some other state system, like prisons! By the way, thank you Truth Out for having articles that I can copy and hand out to my students to read!



Let me ask you, the people

Let me ask you, the people who are running the schools now are not doing such a good job. Why not put someone in who has a business mind, who wants to get good teachers in to educate the kids. The formor has not worked for years and is run buy the unions whokeep bad teachers in class rooms. I am not a Rep, been a Dem. all my life but now have switched to Independent. Im not a tea bagger ether. Why is it such a crime to be rich? I feel, don't be fooled by hear say, check the person out yourself on all issues before you judge.



Sat, 11/13/2010 - 13:49 —

Sat, 11/13/2010 - 13:49 — Anonymous (not verified)

Certainly a jest?

It's true that for a few years back in the 1960s?-70s? there was a phrase "Eat the rich", but for three decades now the Middle Class was eaten instead, with disastrous results. No, cannibalism is not a good thing.



14:41 — Anonymous - And I

14:41 — Anonymous - And I thank you too, for providing an example of how some peoples belief systems that perpetuate myths like the "earth is flat" or the "sun revolves around the earth" actually interfere with proven scientific critical analysis methods that our teachers throughout human history have regularly been persecuted and demonized for teaching.

Since I hate to break the news to you, but, the statement you cite implies that for one, the world consists of the US only, and two, the blatant misunderstanding and mischaracterization of value and monetization economies.



Anon@05:12 says, "This is

Anon@05:12 says, "This is all a scheme for the Right to destroy a hated and formidable enemy: The NEA and AFT."

Considering that the modern Right is the heir of the John Birch Society, which considered the Department of Education a Communist plot equaled in its insidiousness only by the Communist takeover of the State Department and the fiendish fluoridation of our water, I'm amazed this even needs to be explicitly stated.



"I am not a Rep, been a Dem.

"I am not a Rep, been a Dem. all my life but now have switched to Independent."

Thanks, anon@15:51. Between Tom Looney and the 14:41/15:00 anon, I almost had my Buzzword Bingo card filled. Thanks to you, I can check the "I'm a Lifelong Democrat™" square.



Anonymous @11/13/2010 -

Anonymous @11/13/2010 - 15:51 hit the nail on the head, though he then drove it into the board and split it.

The people running the schools are the problem, not the teachers or their unions. Only it's not that they aren't business savvy enough. It's that their focus is on the money (i.e. budget) and not the standards that reflect actual education and; current standards amount to teaching monkeys to hit the button and make the peanut come out (the peanut being a good paying job). The people in charge of the educational system need to be those who understand that it's purpose is to educate, which in it's bases Latin form means "to lead out." I have a kid in high school, and their standardization system has gotten even stupider than it used to be; spend all your time caring they can pass a multiple choice test instead of actually teaching them to think and reason for themselves. The teachers my son has do their best to truly educate while meeting the districts requirements, but there's a limit to what time and resources they have.

Putting someone who focuses on profits and 'growth' in charge is, as was stated previously, what destroyed the Health Care system in this country. And if you're talking about someone running anything within Hearst's organization; you're talking about someone part of an oppressive regime that's been undermining social justice in this country for decades (this is WRH's domain we're talking about).

No one calls the rich the enemy; what we do call the enemy are corrupt corporations who care more about making money than anyone they work for or serve. Stop claiming that any of us (except fringe idiots like "eat the rich" guy) are calling people with money the problem. It's people who use their money against the best interest of the country; they're the problem.



The public education system

The public education system will get worse, I'm almost certain. The salvation lies in free skool and other alternatives that actively encourage the students to become more involved in the creative side of learning. This will begin to happen more online and in a low cost framework until one day it becomes a more viable option, and poor families who wisen up to the woes of public education will have another viable option. Actually continued cuts to public education funding will accelerate the push to find a better alternative more efficient means of education.



While I recognize the great

While I recognize the great need to update Americans' academic knowledge and worldview, such great belief in business and free market as universal solutions calls to mind a song I once sung as a youth....with a few words changed...and with apologies to Lesley Gore....

Sunshine, lollipops and rainbows,
Everything that's wonderful is what I feel when we use free market,
Brighter than a lucky penny,
With big business here the rain cloud disappears, dear,
And I feel so fine just to know that we are free market.

My life is sunshine, lollipops and rainbows,
That's how this refrain goes, so come on, join in everybody!
....

Yes, join in everybody! Enter the Utopian free market world where everything is sunshine, lollipops and rainbows!



Don't come at me with

Don't come at me with 'unions are bad' nonsense. Because that is what it is Non Sense.

Look at how splintered and messed up the non-corporate types are, and then at how unified the so-called conservatives are, and tell me we on the other side don't need union to combat it.

Check out the history of the Rockefellers, the Nobels, the Kennedys if you need further proof of how deeply the corporate brain despises everyone who isn't them.



This kind of thing happens

This kind of thing happens everywhere a majority of the Board of Education is appointed by mayors. It is pure despotism worst. These are almost always large cities, and they always end of turning the public school systems in these places into cash cows for politicians. These are insults to democracy and to the children who attend their public schools.
Thanks for an excellent Truth out article,
Jesse Turner the guy walking to DC, and the
Creator of the facebook group "Children are more than test scores"



"The real world is a

"The real world is a meritocracy," says M. Looney.

Anyone whose boss is better qualified than they are, please raise your hand!



Since 1970, the

Since 1970, the inflation-adjusted per-pupil cost of 12 years of public schooling has gone from $40,000 to $150,000, yet kids are not better educated (literacy rates, numeracy rates, etc. have not gone up). Money is not the issue, and budgets should be cut. The problem is the explosive rise in the number of administrators and other non-teachers on school payrolls. Dump them. Dump the Department of Education, which requires most of them.



I suspected there was

I suspected there was something rotten in the way the school system was run, 45 years ago, when I attended junior high summer school.

We were asked to use and evaluate an innovative and remarkably effective reading comprehension system of study. I enjoyed using the material, but we learned this was not to be used in public schools. It was being evaluated for private schools.

I began watching at the tender age of 14 for other signs of corruption in the school system. It didn't take long to begin to see and connect a few dots...



Sat, 11/13/2010 - 17:24 —

Sat, 11/13/2010 - 17:24 — Anonymous (not verified)

14:41 here.

"14:41 — Anonymous - And I thank you too, for providing an example of how some peoples belief systems that perpetuate myths like the "earth is flat" or the "sun revolves around the earth" actually interfere with proven scientific critical analysis methods that our teachers throughout human history have regularly been persecuted and demonized for teaching."

WTF are you talking about? In what way am I interfering with "proven scientific critical analysis methods" of any sort? What myth(s) am a perpetuating?

"Since I hate to break the news to you, but, the statement you cite implies that for one, the world consists of the US only..."

A) So, we're getting screwed because a small handful of Americans own the bulk of the country's wealth, but we would be doing great if a small handful of foreigners owned the bulk of the country's wealth?

B) Good luck finding foreign buyers, as anybody with a brain would realize that if they bought the assets, they would be the targets of the next round of asset seizures.

"...and two, the blatant misunderstanding and mischaracterization of value and monetization economies."

Please explain it to me, then.



Disingenuous, Anonymous on

Disingenuous, Anonymous on 11/13 at 18:48 - And Utopian to a fault. Tell me: how many poor families do you know who have computers with which to GO online? Better: how many poor families do you know? Don't say they can go online at the Public Library, until you've figured out where the libraries are in proximity to those families. Lazy your mind is; the easy way you seek - Yoda



To M. Looney: Meritoracy -

To M. Looney:
Meritoracy - my shiny metal ass! If the real world were a meritocracy Bush would NEVER have been president; Limbaugh would not be a gazillionaire, and teachers would be wealthy.



Article of

Article of interest:

"Purchase orders bypass Columbus School Board approval to funnel millions of federal dollars to questionable vendors"

http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/18/2010/3994

catalogs purchases bypassing the normal procurement procedures, checks going to P.O. Boxes, vendors without physical addresses, handwritten invoices etc.



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