Corporations Are Citizens - What Are We?
Monday 25 January 2010
by: William J. Astore, t r u t h o u t | Op-Ed

(Photo: Stewf; Edited: Jared Rodriguez / t r u t h o u t)
This week's Supreme Court ruling that corporations are protected by "free speech" rights and can contribute enormous sums of money to influence elections is a de jure endorsement of the de facto dominance of corporations over our lives. Indeed, corporations are the new citizens of this country, and ordinary Americans, who used to be known as "citizens," now fall into three categories: consumers, warriors and prisoners.
Think about it. Perhaps you've noticed, as a friend of mine has, that the term "citizen" has largely disappeared from our public and political discourse. And what term has taken its place? Consumer. That's our new role: not to exercise our rights as citizens (perish the thought, that's for corporations to do!), but to exercise our credit cards as consumers. Here one might recall President George W. Bush's inspiring words to Americans after 9-11 to "go shopping" and to visit Disney.
Think again of our regulatory agencies like the FDA or SEC. They no longer take action to protect us as "citizens." Rather, they act to safeguard the confidence of "consumers." And apparently the only news that's worthy of note is that which affects us as consumers.
As one-dimensional "consumers," we've been reduced to obedient eunuchs in thrall to the economy. Our sole purpose is to keep buying and spending. Corporations, meanwhile, are the citizen-activists in our politics, with the voting and speech rights to match their status.
At the same time we've reduced citizens to consumers, we've reduced citizen-soldiers to "warriors" or "warfighters." The citizen-soldier of World War II did his duty in the military, but his main goal was to come home, regain his civilian job, and enjoy the freedoms and rights of American citizenship. Today, our military encourages a "warrior" mentality: a narrow-minded professionalism that emphasizes warfighting skills over citizenship and civic duty.
And if that's not disturbing enough, think of our military's ever-increasing reliance on private military contractors or mercenaries.
The final category of American is all-too-obvious: prisoner. No country in the modern industrialized world incarcerates more of its citizens than the United States. More than 7.3 million Americans currently languish somewhere in our prison system. Our only hope, apparently, for a decline in prison population is the sheer expense to states of caring and feeding all these "offenders."
There you have it. Corporations are our new citizens. And you? If you're lucky, you get to make a choice: consumer, warrior or prisoner. Which will it be?
This piece also appears on Huffington Post.

This work by Truthout is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 United States License.



Comments
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Symbolically mediated
Sun, 01/24/2010 - 11:55 — Anonymous (not verified)Symbolically mediated consumption holds consumers,prisoners, and warriors together with continuing alienation like a strong glue. The reason for our present ecological and political nightmare and cultural division is our collective inability to move forward to claim liberation from our bondage to outdated and self destructive behavior as societies and humans who cannot find balance. The planet cannot support endless consumption and growth, war and dehumanization of workers which revolves endlessly in a chain of action Theilard de Chardin called "immobilist" behavior and thinking which is always destructive to the future of mankind and all of human culture. Human beings are not corporations but we are now because of Scotus, and the clones our Supreme Court has now made us in an endless descent into the mass
suicide we sheep are being lead to. We must revolt.
We must decide that " enough is enough" and curb out endless consumption of this violence to self and nature. We can transform our social systems only when we recognize the moment of great transformation and I believe we are at that moment in human history. If there is a future of man we must take the present frustrations of desires in politics, culture and society towards responsibility for freedom and creativity and embrace a future in which global citizens change by becoming self aware of our own consumption and as the saying goes; live simply so others might simply live.
Our Founding Fathers fought
Sun, 01/24/2010 - 12:44 — Dr. Bill Bushing (not verified)Our Founding Fathers fought to release us from enslavement by monopolistic companies (the East India Trading Company) and unfair taxation by government (the English). Why have we found ourselves back in this situation?
Thanks for this insightful
Sun, 01/24/2010 - 12:45 — RM (not verified)Thanks for this insightful article. Indeed, we are undergoing a revolution in the status "being human." Now corporations have more human rights than mere "natuals," as we are sometimes called. Erich Fromm's book "On Being Human" warned of this coming way back in the 70s. And it is well to recall that none other than Benito Mussolini said that fascism was really only a deceptive name for "corporatism." Corporate control of the state is the definition of fascism. The author is a retired military man. I wonder if he thinks the oath to defend the nation against all enemies foreign and domestic should now be applied to corporations, who like alien beings have taken control of our government.
We do hear the term "corporate citizen" fairly often. It is often the phrase "good corporate citizen." We don't hear much about human citizens.
Oh, how the U.S. and the
Sun, 01/24/2010 - 12:49 — S. Wolf Britain (not verified)Oh, how the U.S. and the world are going completely insane right now! The U.S. government couldn't have gotten away with carrying out perpetual war just a relatively short twenty years; but now the military-industrial-intelligence complex runs everything and is being treated like persons with more rights than the People have in the one country in the world where our government is supposed to be "of the People, by the People, for the People". So much for that experiment and fantasy. We "Alices", unlike she of "Wonderland", are never coming out of this "rabbit hole". Instead, we fall deeper and deeper into absolute madness and adversity.
"War is (supposedly) peace", and peace is supposedly war; and the Nobel committee gives "Peace Prizes" to war criminals like Obama, Gore, Kissinger and Carter, etc. And you'd try to tell me that all of this isn't absolute madness?! I swear I woke up one day in a different dimension; where, like the alternate universes of science fiction movies and shows, a dark, evil version of the same characters as in the "good dimension" run everything. The thing is, though, the "alternate universe" we're in has always been our reality; only, now, it's getting much worse. Oh where, oh where did sanity go? It appears it is a memory, if that, anymore.
Bill Bushing says, "Our
Sun, 01/24/2010 - 12:50 — Anonymous (not verified)Bill Bushing says, "Our Founding Fathers fought to release us from enslavement by monopolistic companies . . . . Why have we found ourselves back in this situation?:
The answer is the Supreme Court, which has been making rulings in favor of "legal personhood" and corporate citizenship since 1890s. It is an interesting history. The 14th amendment which was written to protect freed slaves, has been used to enslave all humans. Now the Supreme Court is busy applying all of the Bill of Rights to corporations. The ground for this is the concept of "legal personhood." Once corporations became "persons" under the law, all the rest of the human rights had to follow.
Citizens are homo
Sun, 01/24/2010 - 13:32 — Joan Denoo (not verified)Citizens are homo sapiens.
Corporations are groups of homo sapiens who may or may not be citizens.
Forget In God We Trust. New
Sun, 01/24/2010 - 14:22 — Highstreet (not verified)Forget In God We Trust. New motto for America: Money Talks. Oh wait, it's not just a motto, it's the law.
Corporations have been
Sun, 01/24/2010 - 14:41 — Highstreet (not verified)Corporations have been vested with the same rights citizens put their lives on the line for. This decision is revealed as absurd when you see that a corporation can't, by its nature as an artificial life form, carry out the duties of citizenship. It can't serve as a juror, it can't march in formation, it can't even promise to defend the constitution against all enemies, foreign and domestic, as it may someday be in a corporation's best interest to oppose the best interests of the American people. Can you hang a corporation for treason? First they give us Bush and now they hand us this. Time to unpack the torches and pitchforks again.
The man voted Canada's man
Sun, 01/24/2010 - 15:58 — Don Scott (not verified)The man voted Canada's man of the 20th Century, Tommy Douglas (see endnote), once famously stated that "the next time the fascist return, they won't be as easy to recognize. They will not be wearing brown shirts. They will be wearing business suits."
Fascism was (is) essentially a "corporatist state". That is, a state run for the leading corporate interests. The next group in line are the powerful and easily manipulated religious factions - usually entrenched religions but also fast growing "populist" religious movement seeking more power for their narrow, simplistic beliefs. Citizens, if referred to at all, are tertiary.
If they have the vote, efforts are made to limit citizen’s effect though denial of voting rights (literacy tests, imprisonment, gender, vote rigging, stuffing ballot boxes, controlling candidates eligibility, gerrymandering seats - now rigged voting machines). Grass roots organizations that work in the citizens interests like trade unions, social welfare organizations, and now environmental organizations, are banned or become covert operations of the state (like government friendly unions established in Quebec during the Duplessis era).
In the USA today, only 7% of private sector workers are in unions. Canada's rate has also plummeted and is falling further as the manufacturing sector is shut down and transferred offshore. Socially vital items that unions fought long and hard for like reliable pensions are collapsing left, right and centre. Pensions are what kept the last generation of senior out of poverty for the first time in history. Now they have returned to a little more than a dream for most of today’s workers.
Minimum wages have lagged for decades. In British Columbia, the ultra conservative BC Liberals have not raised the minimum wage in a decade. BC, once one of Canada’s richest provinces now has the highest poverty rate in Canada. Some 23% of BC children are raised in poverty. Dozens of schools have been closed, and now over a thousand teachers are being laid-off. But BC can afford to blow billions on the Olympics.
The US Supreme Court is not the first North American court to grant citizens’ rights to corporations. About 20 years ago, Canada's Supreme Court granted corporation the right of free speech under our relatively new (1981) Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The case was in reference to tobacco's companies right to advertise their products (sell cancer). Although Parliament has the power using the Notwithstanding Clause of the Canadian Constitution, It has yet to be overturned by Parliament and if Stephen Harper is re-elected next time, it will give him the opportunity to appoint more right wing ideologues to the Supreme Court and the likelihood that Corporate rights are extended to contributing to election campaigns (recently banned in Canada) and to conduct third party advertising campaigns could be restored.
Copying the USA, the Canadian Military is now engaged in active warfare in Afghanistan and covertly in Iraq (Canada never officially joined the illegal invasion of Iraq, but sent elite tactical units.) Harper and his Conservatives dismiss peacekeeping as for wimps. Once the largest contributor to UN peacekeeping missions, Canada's participation has dwindled to a mere handful of soldiers. When Israel target bombed a hilltop UN Observer outpost overlooking Lebanon killing its observers, one of whom was a Canadian, Prime Minister Harper condemned the UN soldiers asking what they were doing there in the first place – PM Harper, they were doing their job! But this too was a cynical move - donations to the Conservative Party from Canada’s Jewish community soared. (Previously they tended to be reliable donors to the Liberal Party, so Harper successfully gained a good segment of willing contributors while eliminating a tradition source of funding for the Liberals.)
Canada's military recruiting campaign used to emphasize "Service". No longer. Now it is join to "Fight". Yet the spin the on the nation’s role in Afghanistan is that Canadian troops are there to build schools and democracy – an abject failure to date. Greg Mortenson’s military-free efforts have been many times more successful.
When a Parliamentary Committee investigating Canada's role in assisting and abetting the torture of Afghani "detainees" began to gain traction in exposing the Canadian military and political complicity in the torture by Afghanistan’s police and military, PM Harper prorogued Parliament (shut it down for those not familiar with parliamentary terms) to cover up his governments complicity.
While the recent US Supreme Court abhorrent decision to grant full citizen's rights with respect to financing election campaigns to corporations must be countered by citizens expressing their outrage at the galloping pace of the Corporate State of America,
Canadians have nothing to be snug about. Canadians have lots of work to do as well.
When running for office, Stephen Harper stated that given the chance, he would change Canada into something most people would not recognize. He hates what Canada represented since World War II - A Peacekeeper, a compassionate country that care for its sick and injured, a country with an environmental ethic (albeit overblown), an influential international Middle Power, seeking influence through diplomacy not military force. And he is changing Canada into the 51st State at a pace much faster than the US Supreme Court is reshaping the USA.
(Tommy Douglas was the courageous social democrat who as Premier brought the province of Saskatchewan out of virtual bankruptcy (the now oil rich province next door, Alberta is the only Canadian province to have actually gone bankrupt) despite efforts by the Federal Liberal Government of MacKenzie King and international bankers to crush his "socialist" government by cancelling Federal transfer payments and calling loans immediately after Douglas's CCF was elected in 1943. Some 18 years later, he introduced Medicare into North America despite mass strikes by doctors fighting against "socialized medicine".)
i throughly enjoyed your
Sun, 01/24/2010 - 16:17 — albert Dussault (not verified)i throughly enjoyed your piece..i have had a bad taste in my mouth about corporations for nearly 40 years...this weeks court decision may bring people out of the wood work. If we -- citizens -- of the united states of america can get up the courage, we ought to organize a revolution against the power mongers of washington and wall street.
I used to be a democrat, but I am moving away from that label...however, if consumer is my only other choice, i may re think that move
the zionist'ss want us to
Sun, 01/24/2010 - 17:19 — City Zen tyme continuim (not verified)the zionist'ss want us to destructivly "(R)evolve,thair by making all thair dreams of dalussionary raced based tribal ethnicity with god(satallite control and murderous pioneering/pilgrimed exspansion,alot like msm media seeking inner air but only the stiffling must/musk of the riech/ks ashes of dust and vault keep kept,hitler wasnt david,mosses ain,t satallite control,democulese ain'tsaloman,etc and you ain,t hindu either,MrTuna may be a Persian reject or spy an extra death graveyard state actor(ambrosia,silesia,normandy,armageddon,etc,etc) beyond the gallalie or dead sea antiquities and thankfully lost,clear enough for ya,prove me in error does not compute,that ya'all can do one good thing for yer very near worldly un-incorperated neighbor,thair at thye crotch of the empiral/imperial bizaro worlds of z & alpha oz~?,OO,for what it's worth from jack yer extra natural earthly state actor and neighbor,strangly or vaugly,etc,etcthats probably hacking defeinces of freedom or scratchig at the heart or root of the hog truffle,the messiah 5000 super collider accidental cage builder,bigger or just a bird house with of all things a totally intagrated giant bird ladder
How soon will General Motors
Sun, 01/24/2010 - 21:20 — James Clay Fuller (not verified)How soon will General Motors run for president? When will General Mills become a senator from Minnesota?
Given the certainty now of perpetual war, we will have to reinstate the draft. How will Halliburton handle basic train? Will Xe (Blackwater) go to clerk-typist school after basic? And what about that extremely rich company owned in part by the Bush family and the bin Laden family? In which branch of the service will it serve?
The absurdity of the concept underlying the Roberts court decision can hardly be exaggerated.
What are we? We are
Sun, 01/24/2010 - 21:34 — Anonymous (not verified)What are we? We are corporate slaves. We are their batteries, like the coppertops in the Matrix. We should all wake up.
One category missing that is
Mon, 01/25/2010 - 02:03 — digiteyes (not verified)One category missing that is played by politicians: "taxpayer".
This category is used to deny rights to people who are poor. People who do not have legal entry into the country. People who are not working, either because they are too young (students) or too old and incomeless (seniors). It's a category used to divide people and set them one against each other.
Beware a politician who caters to "taxpayers".
"How soon will General
Mon, 01/25/2010 - 04:53 — jahf (not verified)"How soon will General Motors run for president? When will General Mills become a senator from Minnesota?" *** Have these offices not already long since gone to the highest bidder?
When I returned to live in
Mon, 01/25/2010 - 08:13 — Anonymous (not verified)When I returned to live in this country 21 years ago after living abroad for sixteen years I used to watch a lot of TV just for the novelty of it. I soon noticed that when public officials (both elected and appointed) referred to the population they always called us "taxpayers" or "consumers," never, never citizens. This is not a new phenomenon. By the way, it was a Supreme Court decision was back in the 19th century that established the "personhood" of corporations. The business of America is business, right?
Everytime we buy something
Mon, 01/25/2010 - 08:48 — Anonymous (not verified)Everytime we buy something we cast a vote. Be careful with what you buy.!! It is that simple. Be careful what stocks you buy!!!
But the government isn't the
Mon, 01/25/2010 - 12:13 — Gus W (not verified)But the government isn't the problem, it's an accomplice. Corporations are just opportunists - the biggest cause is the stupid people.
If corporations want to sell us crap, destroy the environment, buy off politicians, privatize everything, exploit workers and profit from the loss of American jobs, why the hell are we buying stuff from them?
Because people are convinced they're getting a bargain. We enable them everyday when we should be cutting them off and moving our money.
In 1975, there was a
Mon, 01/25/2010 - 19:03 — Harry Thomas (not verified)In 1975, there was a science-fiction movie that has turned out to be rather prescient; The world was controlled by corporations and the masses were distracted by an ultra-violent blood sport called "Rollerball."
Thanks to the SCOTUS, we're now even closer to that corporate-dominated world. In America, we've got plenty of blood sports on TV, and not just the wars we're fighting in foreign lands. There's the NFL, NBA and American Idol to keep us pacified.
Education has been dumbed down to "teaching to the test." The teachers unions have made it impossible to fire bad teachers; the Republicans gave us "No Child Left Behind," which translates as lowered standards to everyone can pass and they can point to the "success" of the program. Helicopter parents contribute to this by demanding that "every child is special" and deserves advancement whether it is earned or not.
The dumbing down of America means that our prison population is going to keep increasing. The foreign workers get our high-paying jobs because they are turning out graduates that actually know and understand English, higher mathematics and science. We're stuck debating Creationism vs. Darwinism.
When the fruit is rotten, it will fall. The U.S. is rotten ripe. Unless we, the citizens, take it back, this country will Balkanize itself within the next 10 years (if that long).
But we are caught in our own snare. We have grown dependent on the parasitic corporations for our ravenous consumption. If we did try to revolt against them, they'd probably call out the forces on us. It's become a vicious cycle that offers little chance of escape.
First the court's
Tue, 01/26/2010 - 01:27 — borisjimbo (not verified)First the court's conservatives said that they and not the people or Congress should decide the most fundamental political question the American people can make, who their president should be. Then in DC v. Heller they said that it would be OK for a minority of people with guns to change the government if it were engaging in "tyranny" when the tyranny the founders were concerned with was the tyranny of the tax burden of supporting a standing army, so I guess we shouldn't be surprised that the same conservative, activist bare majority now decides that corporations are people for 1st Amendment purposes, although all the previous decisions regarding freedom of political speech based it on content or place, not on speaker, and no previous Supreme Court decision has actually said that corporations had all the attributes of humans for civil rights purposes. But of course, conservativism isn't what it used to be; now it's an outcome instead of an outlook prizing modesty in change. I'm looking forward to Biskupic's new Scalia bio; I want to see just how much of his jurisprudence is based on any possible beliefs he has that Nixon should not have been removed from office for the Watergate scandal. I also note that when he did work for Nixon it was to look into the future structure of cable TV, a medium so essential to the spread of the conservative dogma ever since Rupert Murdoch was granted US citizenship so he could own more media outlets than an alien could have.
If corporations are
Tue, 01/26/2010 - 09:13 — Natasha (not verified)If corporations are citizens, shouldn't they pay taxes in the same brackets as citizens? They pay far, far less. This would be one way to pay for health care.
If corporations are people
Tue, 01/26/2010 - 10:17 — Greg Forest (not verified)If corporations are people and want all the privileges that come with personhood, that's OK by me as long as they also assume the responsibilities. In this I mean that the corporate wall of liability protection should come down.
When a corporation breaks the law or commits some gross offense, the liability for such action should flow through to the owners - the stockholders. These are the people that handed management the mandate for their actions and policies and are ultimately to blame.
The next time a Dow Chemical kills 5,000 as in Bhopal, India - the victims should be able to blow through the corporation and sue the stockholders into poverty. Person-hood should be a two-sided coin.
Right. The 14th amendment
Tue, 01/26/2010 - 12:39 — TomH in PA (not verified)Right. The 14th amendment doesn't allow for the treatment of a group of citizens differently than others in the law. Let them pay the same tax rates, go to jail, and be put to death in certain states, for their crimes.
Let the bankruptcy laws apply to people as well as corporations. Primary residences can be restructured in court.
Farm subsidies? Gone. The list goes on! I could learn to like this...
I was at lunch with 7
Tue, 01/26/2010 - 17:54 — Anonymous (not verified)I was at lunch with 7 colleagues this afternoon. All of them were gushing over the launch of the Apple Tablet scheduled for tomorrow. Not one of them knew that Obama's State of the Union speech is tomorrow. These are all men of 30 or older. Challenge the need for Apple's latest gadget and be prepared for a detailed rebuttal. But politics and/or current events? Who cares? Marketing and PR have done their jobs well.
A friend commented that
Tue, 01/26/2010 - 23:19 — Kirb (not verified)A friend commented that being a consumer was not a bad thing - "that's the purpose of making money, right?" But being a consumer may be different than being reduced to only a consumer, you know?
I think that the article is saying that citizens in this country are no longer regarded by 'the powers that be' as active agents of political will, as doers, as spokespersons for their own rights, as authors of their own and this country's destiny, as embodying the original and ultimate value that this country was organized for, in and of themselves, their bodies. (Theme song winding up behind me...).
What is the 'product' of this country? might be a good corollary question... is it TV sets, etc (for which the human can be sacrificed, in many ways, via worker or human right violations), or is it the human (for which any material thing - including profits - can be sacrificed). The upper classes have always ensured a prominent place for TV sets.
When the official monologue shifts to 'consumer', it is reflecting the dark side of that age-old conflict of values in law and social policy - namely, between personal values and property values. That has shown up throughout our national history as unequal control over laws by classes according to their wealth, the rich being able to control debates, buy politicians, outlaw "vagrants" and "vagrant lifestyle" (existence). Property values = one dollar, one vote. Personal values = one person, one vote. It's always been a sour mix of the two - til this ruling by the Supremes.
If we only show up to society based on our ability to purchase, what happens if we have no money? We disappear. Indeed, the homeless in this country have all but disappeared - they don't make the news! because they are invisible to the merchant, the social controller, the commissar in Chomsky's lingo. The poor have been hounded and chased away (since they are "useless" - non-consumers) in all ages, definitely including our own. A great read is The People's History of the United States (by Howard Zinn).
Are corporations male or
Wed, 01/27/2010 - 11:53 — Anonymous (not verified)Are corporations male or female? I really need to know. I would hate to be labeled gay when they f*#% me!
The following text should be
Thu, 01/28/2010 - 22:53 — Jack Hughes (not verified)The following text should be required reading for all *consumers* in this New Age. Is there some way of exposing the charade of the new *Corporate citizens*? http://www.tripzine.com/listing.php?id=corporate_metabolism
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