An Open Mind on Climate
Friday 09 July 2010
by: Eugene Robinson, Op-Ed
Washington - It's odd how little we've heard lately from the skeptics who deny that climate change is real. What's the matter, people? Heat stroke?
The Venus-like heat that much of the country has been suffering this summer is almost enough to make anybody a believer in global warming. Almost, but not quite: Honesty compels me to acknowledge that a few weeks of record-setting temperatures do not constitute proof of anything. Climate scientists have to analyze data covering decades and centuries to discern what's really going on.
Of course, the unusually heavy snowstorms that buried Washington and other East Coast cities last winter didn't prove anything, either. But that didn't deter the climate skeptics from gloating. Sen. James Inhofe, R-Okla., and his family went so far as to build an igloo on Capitol Hill and label it "Al Gore's New Home." Care to apologize to the Nobel laureate, Senator?
No, that would be too much to hope for. A more realistic wish is that the punishing heat wave will convince those tempted to buy the skeptics' know-nothing line -- "Global warming is a crock! The tree-hugging socialists are making it up! It's a conspiracy!" -- to consider the scientific evidence with an open mind.
We now know that the e-mail correspondence filched from climate researchers' computers last year, which skeptics portrayed as some kind of smoking gun, in fact doesn't amount to a water pistol. The messages reveal that scientists can be petty, envious and vindictive -- but do not suggest any fudging of data, according to a report issued Wednesday by a blue-ribbon panel in Britain, where the e-mails were hacked. Two previous investigations similarly have exonerated the climate scientists of fraud and validated their methods.
We also know, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, that "the combined global land and ocean surface temperature" in May was the warmest on record. In fact, NOAA reported, the whole period from January through May, on average, was the warmest since record-keeping began in 1880.
No, that's not enough to settle the question. But let's get real. There really isn't much disagreement among scientists about whether the climate is warming. For the past 100 years or so, we have precise temperature records to compare with today's measurements. For previous centuries, we have indirect but compelling evidence that the world is getting hotter.
Is human activity to blame? It almost surely is, unless there's some fundamental flaw in our understanding of chemistry and physics. Scientists understand how molecules of carbon dioxide act to trap heat. They know -- not through inference, but from direct measurement of air bubbles trapped long ago in Arctic and Antarctic ice -- that there is more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere now than at any time in the last half-million years, perhaps the last million years. The simplest and most logical explanation of why there's suddenly so much carbon in the air is that humans have put it there by burning fossil fuels. This is what has changed.
The experts who best understand these phenomena are sometimes guilty of overstatement -- indeed, they seem never to have met a worst-case scenario they didn't like. They often come off sounding arrogant, self-righteous, even borderline hysterical. Some of them, when challenged to defend their data or conclusions, seem to regard such scrutiny not as a normal and necessary part of the scientific process but as a threat to human civilization and all that is good and true.
So, yes, there are a few puffed-up jerks on the front lines of the climate change battle. You know who you are. But the fact that some climate scientists would make lousy dinner companions doesn't change the ways in which matter and energy interact on the molecular level -- and doesn't alter those rising temperature readings.
It's time to end the silly "argument" over whether climate change is real. Here's a better question: Would it be more appropriate for humanity to spend, say, $1 trillion reducing carbon emissions, and thus save thousands or millions of lives that could be lost to drought or sea-level rise or whatever at the end of this century or the next? Or spend that money providing clean water in places such as Congo or Bangladesh, saving thousands or millions of lives right now?
Maybe the answer is that we have to try to do both. But this, at least, is something worth arguing about.
The climate science? Don't sweat it.
Eugene Robinson's e-mail address is eugenerobinson(at)washpost.com.
(c) 2010, Washington Post Writers Group
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Comments
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"there are a few puffed-up
Fri, 07/09/2010 - 10:04 — David Adam (not verified)"there are a few puffed-up jerks on the front lines of the climate change battle. You know who you are."
No, they do not know who they are, any more than the puffed-up jerks in the punditocracy know who they are. ( I do not include Robinson on that list.)
True jerks are like vampires, unable to recognize their own reflections. Although they are usually wrong, I have no reason to doubt their sincerity.
Eugene Robinson , " how come
Fri, 07/09/2010 - 10:07 — Arminius Aurelius (not verified)Eugene Robinson , " how come we hear little from the skeptics , whats the matter people , Heat Stroke ?" Considering that it has already been proven that the so called scientists lied and distorted facts about " Global Warming " , what is there left to say . They are more than likely employed by the governments and if they want to keep their jobs , they better do the bidding of the "NEW WORLD ORDER " and lie thru their teeth .
Eugene R. , why were you so silent this past winter when it was colder than ever in the south [ Florida ], had to have the heat on December , January , February and March . I have spent winters in the Palm Beach area since 1955 and I have NEVER experienced this cold a winter . Could it be that [ as proven ] climate change is cyclical over the centuries?
Yes , I agree mankind is wasteful , we should make every attempt to conserve . A good example is American use of air conditioning . I go to Europe every year and any restaurant or theater I go into , the temperature is pleasant compared to the U.S. where the thermostat is set so low that we freeze . Why ? Their transportation system is superior and first class compared to the U.S. Their trains run frequently and fast compared to the U.S. therefore there are fewer cars on the road and fewer exhaust fumes. We still have school busing which needlessly burns fuel and emits an immense amount of CO 2 . Lastly but not least , most of the HOT AIR comes from the halls of Congress and their puppets.
The deniers of climate
Fri, 07/09/2010 - 10:56 — radline9 (not verified)The deniers of climate change figure they will die before they see any catastrophic results of global warming. They are the same people who say "Ive got mine and to hell with everyone else." In other words, they only think of themselves.
The three
Fri, 07/09/2010 - 13:53 — Anonymous (not verified)The three pseudo-investigations into Climategate (four if you count the Mann inquiry) were such obvious whitewashes, it is a pity Mr. Robinson did not do his due diligence and report it. None of the investigations interviewed the primary critics of the Climategate scientists, e.g. Steve McIntyre. What kind of investigation does not even bother to pretend having an interest in the complaints against the subject of investigation? A fake one!
If there is a trial and all parties are present except the plaintiff, one can expect a verdict of "not guilty".
The more pseudo-investigations these clowns make, the more obvious their corruption becomes.
It is a straw man to say the
Fri, 07/09/2010 - 14:01 — Anonymous (not verified)It is a straw man to say the skeptics are wrong because of our understanding of chemistry and physics. Most of the prominent skeptics these days do not argue the mild heat-trapping capacity of CO2. Here are some of the major arguments that warmists love to ignore:
1. All climate models currently touted rely on positive feedbacks to produce the alarming projections. In other words, they say that CO2 itself only warms a little bit, and then other processes amplify the mild warming. However, there is little evidence for this hypothetical positive feedback, and in fact there is quite a bit of evidence for negative feedback. This means that if CO2 warms things a little bit, natural processes reduce the warming effect of CO2.
2. Most skeptics agree that there has been some warming during the past century. However, the questions remains: How much warming, and what is the cause? There is evidence the warming has been exaggerated by the scientists (primarily Climategate scientists) responsible for analyzing the temperature data. Then, if it has warmed, how much of this warming is attributable to humans? Before CO2 emissions came along, the world was already warming due to the end of the little ice age. It is foolish to say that there could be no natural processes that have contributed to the recent warming.
To Anon @ 19:01, Your point
Sat, 07/10/2010 - 12:37 — tmaloney (not verified)To Anon @ 19:01,
Your point (1) contains the statement: "However, there is little evidence for this hypothetical positive feedback, and in fact there is quite a bit of evidence for negative feedback."
This is incorrect. There is compelling evidence for at least two positive feedback effects.
1) ALBEDO
The modern earth has an albedo of about 31%. That is, 31% of the incoming solar radiation does not presently affect earth's temperature because it is reflected away into space immediately as visible light. Our most recent energy budget figures (IPCC, AR4) state that about 9% of solar radiation is reflected off the light-colored surfaces of earth (white ice and pale desert sand), and about 22% is reflected off the top surfaces of clouds.
As CO2-initiated forcing works its effect, earth's ice area is decreasing. Our present 9% reflection is diminishing. This is a positive feedback and it's long-term. Ice in glaciers and polar ice sheets cannot rebuild in any short time scale.
Skeptics /deniers argue that earth's cloud cover will increase due to more rapid evaporation of sea water in a warmer atmosphere, thereby correcting earth's albedo factor. While it is true that this phenomenon is a negative feedback, it is short-term. Clouds are short-lived formations condensing their water vapor into rain within a few days or weeks. The only way the negative feedback of increased cloud formation could compensate for the positive feedback of ice-melt would be if the cloud cover increased PERMANENTLY.
Permanently increased cloud cover is a distant possibility for our planet, but it has not occurred yet. So the earth-albedo response so far to CO2 is a net Positive feedback, not Negative. (continued)
2) ATMOSPHERIC WINDOW A
Sat, 07/10/2010 - 12:38 — tmaloney (not verified)2) ATMOSPHERIC WINDOW
A small portion of the solar energy that hits earth's surface manages to escape, after conversion to infrared radiation, directly back into space. It evades capture by all of our natural greenhouse gases, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone. This " atmospheric window", also called "thermal window" is thought (again IPCC, AR4) to allow about 2.5% of surface absorption to escape from earth without doing any warming [40 Watts/square meter making a clean escape, out of about 160 W/m^2 average surface absorption].
To the extent that we put more infrared-capturing molecules into the atmosphere, to that extent will this 2.5% window tend to close.
Water vapor captures infrared energy; so even if increased cloud cover were to become permanent, it would not give us unadulterated negative feedback. Greater cloud area containing excess H2O molecules would stick us with excess infrared capture.
Then there's the big kahuna - Methane. By wretched bad luck, the two methane absorption bands are parked right in the middle of two of the five open-window bands for H2O and CO2, where much of that 2.5% is now escaping. Here are the specifics, considering only water and carbon dioxide, ignoring ozone and all the artificial man-made compounds (CFCs, etc).
The widest open-window band stretches from about 8 to 12 microns wavelength [Note 1]. Methane's weaker absorption band is from 7.7 to 9.1 microns [Note 2], so it impedes a substantial portion of that window.
But the most free (near-zero energy-capture by CO2 and H2O) open-window band is from 3.3 to 3.9 microns [again Note 1]. Methane's stronger absorption band is from 2.8 to 4.1 microns [again Note 2], thus completely overlapping the escape band on both sides. It's as if the gods of physics were deliberately out to hurt us. That open window can be totally closed off by sufficient addition of methane to earth's atmosphere.
This is the mother of all positive feedbacks. And it seems to be already beginning. I posted a comment on March 3 describing a National Geographic documentary scene in which methane bubbles emitted from northern-latitude lake bottoms are ignited using matches. It's startling. Check it out at Netflix or the library. EARTH, THE BIOGRAPHY; episode ICE.
Note 1: brneurosci.org/co2.html, page 8.
Note 2: solarsystem.nasa,gov/docs/Here_Comes_Heat1,pdf, page 5 [unfortunately, graph units are wave number (cm^-1); must convert to microns].
tmaloney, What is lacking is
Mon, 07/12/2010 - 00:09 — Anonymous (not verified)tmaloney,
What is lacking is evidence that feedbacks are net positive.
There is good evidence the Arctic was warmer in the past, and methane evidently did not cause catastrophe then, so there's no reason to expect it will now. NOAA ice core data from central Greenland indicates it has been warmer than today for most of the past 4000 years. Incidentally, methane breaks down in the atmosphere with a half life of about 7 years.