America's Culture of Cruelty

by: Henry A. Giroux, t r u t h o u t | Op-Ed

America's Culture of Cruelty
(Photo: bogdog Dan)

The term "cruelty" is chosen by convention to indicate those forms of extreme violence, whether intentional or systemic, physical or moral ... that seem to be, as is said "worse than death" ... the actual or virtual menace of cruelty represents for politics, and particularly for politics today ... a crucial experiment in which the very possibility of politics is at stake. - Etienne Balibar[1]

The recent murderous acts of violence committed by Jared Lee Loughner in Arizona cannot be reduced to the mental instability of a young man out of touch with reality. Nor can such a horrendous act be reduced to a breakdown in civil discourse. Such rationales are too easy, and emulate what Frank Rich has called "classic American denial."

There is a deeper order of politics behind this murderous act, one that the American public is inclined to ignore. More specifically, the general responses to this violent act are symptomatic of a society that separates private injuries from public considerations, refusing to connect individual acts to broader social considerations.

I want to suggest that underlying the Arizona shootings is a culture of cruelty that has become so widespread in American society that the violence it produces is largely taken for granted, often dismissed in terms that cut it off from any larger systemic forces at work in the society.

The culture of cruelty is important for thinking through how entertainment and politics now converge in ways that fundamentally transform how we understand and imagine politics in the current historical moment - a moment when the central issue of getting by is no longer about working to get ahead but struggling simply to survive. And many groups, which are considered marginal because they are poor, unemployed, people of color, elderly or young, have not just been excluded from "the American dream," but have become utterly redundant and disposable, waste products of a society that no longer considers them of any value.

How else to explain the zealousness in which social safety nets have been dismantled, the transition from welfare to workfare (offering little job training programs and no child care) and recent acrimony over health care reform's public option? What accounts for the passage of laws that criminalize the behavior of the 1.2 million homeless in the United States, often defining sleeping, sitting, soliciting, lying down or loitering in public places as a criminal offense rather than a behavior in need of compassionate goodwill and public assistance? Or, for that matter, the expulsions, suspensions, segregation, class discrimination and racism in the public schools, as well as the more severe beatings, broken bones and damaged lives endured by young people in the juvenile justice system?

Within this politics, there is a ruthless and hidden dimension of cruelty, one in which the powers of life and death are increasingly determined by punishing apparatuses, such as the criminal justice system for poor people of color and/or market forces that increasingly decide who may live and who may die.

But there is more. The growing dominance of a right-wing media forged in a pedagogy of hate has become a crucial element providing numerous platforms for a culture of cruelty. This form of cultural pedagogy is increasingly characterized by more than a breach of civility. It also registers without apology and legitimizes a hostility towards immigrants, a barely disguised racism, a contempt for the poor and almost anyone supportive of the social contract and the welfare state.

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Citizens are increasingly constructed through a language of contempt for all noncommercial public spheres and a chilling indifference to the plight of others that is increasingly expressed in vicious tirades against big government and health care reform. There is a growing element of scorn on the part of the American public for those human beings caught in the web of misfortune, human suffering, dependency and deprivation.

For instance, how else to explain a right-wing spin machine that endlessly spews out a toxic rhetoric in which all Muslims are defined as jihadists; the homeless are not victims of misfortune, but are lazy; blacks are not terrorized by an overzealous criminal justice system, but are the main architects of a culture of criminality; the epidemic of obesity has nothing to do with corporations, big agriculture and advertisers selling junk food but rather is the result of "big" government giving people food stamps; the public sphere is largely for white people, which is being threatened by immigrants and people of color, and so it goes.

This could be dismissed as loony right-wing political theatre if it were not for the low levels of civic literacy displayed by so many Americans who choose to believe and invest in this type of hate talk. On the contrary, while it may be idiocy, it reveals a powerful set of political, economic and educational forces at work in miseducating the American public while at the same time extending the culture of cruelty.

Rather than being unspoken and unseen, violence in American life has become both visible in its pervasiveness and normalized as a central feature of dominant and popular culture. Americans have grown accustomed to luxuriating in a warm bath of cinematic blood, as young people and adults alike are seduced with an endless stream of violence that runs through the endless production of video games, extreme sports and the nonstop production of Hollywood blockbusters. The celebration of hyperviolence and torture travels all too easily from fiction to real life, with the emergence in the past few years of a proliferation of "bum fight" videos on the Internet, increased acts of bullying in schools and the workplace and young boys investing in a mode of masculinity organized around pummelling each other for sport. The culture of cruelty mimics cinematic violence as the agents of abuse both indulge in actual forms of violence and then further celebrate the barbarity by posting it on the Web, mimicking the desire for fame and recognition while voyeuristically consuming their own violent cultural productions.

The ideology of hardness and cruelty runs through American culture like an electric current, sapping the strength of social relations and individual character, moral compassion and collective action, offering up crimes against humanity that become fodder for video games and spectacularized media infotainment, and constructing a culture of cruelty that promotes a pageant of suffering and violence. While much of this violence is passed off as entertainment, it should not be surprising when it travels from the major cultural apparatuses of our time to real life, exploding in front of us, refusing to be seen as just another entertaining spectacle.

This article was also published by thespec.com.

[1] Etienne Balibar, We, The People of Europe? Reflections on Transnatonal Citizenship (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), p. 6. 

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This work by Truthout is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 United States License.





     

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Henry A. Giroux currently holds the Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department. He has taught at Boston University, Miami University of Ohio, and Penn State University. His most recent books include: Youth in a Suspect Society (Palgrave, 2009); Politics After Hope: Obama and the Crisis of Youth, Race, and Democracy (Paradigm, 2010); Hearts of Darkness: Torturing Children in the War on Terror (Paradigm, 2010); and he is working on two new books titled Zombie Politics and Culture in the Age of Casino Capitalism and Education and the Crisis of Public Values, both of which will be published in 2011 by Peter Lang Publishers. Giroux is also a member of Truthout's Board of Directors. His website is www.henryagiroux.com.

 

 


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Absolutely true--and only

Absolutely true--and only the tip of the iceberg when you look at American history and military culture. Simply consider the fact that 400,ooo+ people have been shot to death in the U.S. since MLK's assassination in 1968. American culture tolerates a Wild West approach to life. And the people who contribute most to this culture of death call themselves, in Orwellian fashion, "pro-life."



The root of our cruelty lies

The root of our cruelty lies in our continuous affirmation of separatism. The world today is one and interdependence is increasingly recognized as the key. Yet we in America practice competition and the most ruthless form of capitalism and expect a different result than what is reflected back to us. Our nation's founding fathers created "one nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all" yet that is not what we have chosen today.

"Many now in the world accept the need for change, accept that Sharing and Justice are fundamental to man’s progress. This realization itself will change your world. Many there are, however, who forget that man is a God, that in all men sits this Divine Being, and who would deny this truth. Make known, My friends, where you stand in this matter and show your light in the world."
- Messages from Maitreya the Christ



No, not surprising, nor is

No, not surprising, nor is he mentally insane by American standards. Perhaps overly ambitious, but no, not insane.

Of course it has been played for all it's worth in the media and internet, yet as soon as someone tops this uniquely "American" act of violence ( and they will, sooner rather than later) Lougners foray onto the American horror "stage"will be forgotten and left to the his-storians to tell.

What's left to tell? American homeless resorting to cannibalism to stave off starvation?
Feed them cake declares the Queen!



God, this piece is turgid.

God, this piece is turgid.



At my parents house

At my parents house yesterday there was a civil war movie on the TV being watched by my sister who was sitting with my bedridden mother. I watched a scene of blue and gray suited actors clashing in a reenactment of the gore and insanity of Americans slaughtering one another. I blurted out to my sister , "Its no wonder the American justice system is as cruel as it is considering how Americans on each side treated their prisoners of war." The majority of us are the progeny of people who not all that long ago ran such prison camps, flogged slaves to death and decimated native populations in the name of a belief that we had a god given right to plunder the continent; dominion by way of Manifest Destiny. Only the most obvious of these cruelties has been stricken from our modern culture...but many others remain. As a whole we celebrate violence and still have a fairly barbaric idea of what humanity means. Witness the modern prison system or tacit acceptance of torture of captured terrorists. But again those are blatant examples of the problem...this article spoke to more subtle examples. Thank you fr that.



Thank you, Henry Giroux, for

Thank you, Henry Giroux, for your most enlightening essay yet -- quite possibly your most important work to-date.



So what do we do?

So what do we do?



I saw one of these bumper

I saw one of these bumper stickers on a pick-up truck at the Wal-Mart in a town with a large Navy base. So if it is not "official doctrine" it certainly is allowed to go in and out of the base gate.

Check out this link:

USMC Infantry - Takin' Out the Garbage Bumper Sticker | Sgt Grit



For some reason truthout

For some reason truthout thinks I am posting a duplicate post. That is false, they apparently have such strict rules for posting comments that my comment is abhorrent to them. Thanks a lot truthout, I guess I will unsubscribe and forget about trying to be a voice on this site.

Remember this, you need me more than I need you.



Is USA a country or a

Is USA a country or a military? From where I stand (on the other side of the globe) it's a military and military society is totally different to civilian society.
In a military society such aggression is encouraged as a good thing.
Can you imagine how much you have spent on the military over the last 20 years! can you imagine spending half that amount on developing your social system, education, healthcare and infrastucture!! Wow what a country you would have had!!



One thing Giroux does not

One thing Giroux does not discuss is how people treat one another in other countries. He implies there is something unique about AMERICA that makes it behave abominably--yet does not look at the ugliness in other countries. China treats its workers, its poor--like dirt. They always have. Russia has never treated minorities well--witness Chechniya. And those tolerant French--well, towards Muslims in their own country, they aren't so tolerant. Maybe the ugliness is within us all, within the human species. Seeing it that way does change the nature of the discourse, doesn't it?



You forgot to mention the

You forgot to mention the new gloveless boxing shows, featuring lots of gory split brows televised in HD closeup.

How soon before knife fights become family fare?



And I used to think

And I used to think Americans were too weak and spineless to make good Nazi's.
Guess I was wrong.



So what do we do, who is we,

So what do we do, who is we, there is class based thinking,, conserfatiffs born that way, maybe that cannot be changed, but the violence is boring, nothing to do with daily life and work for most, and mainly serves the defunct and morally bankrupt corporate terrorists of the world. Sheer numbers will eventually end their reign, when is the question, reality and crises, disasters, are redressed in history, revolutions , now a hackneyed idea usurped by the power mongers was the alternative, now third wave economies emerge as a possible ameliorative, prepare for the worst, expect nothing, be ready for anything is the ancienct message, but developing your Self as most know is more important than this world, as Ma said in Grapes of Wrath , the people are a never ending river, We will endure and succeed, colonizing the stars, in the far future, and the spirit world will emerge on earth, so we fight now as heroes of the past , for others and their future, win or lose in the short run has little import, you can save yourself, and find the Way, the Way goes ever on and on, from no beginning it began, now far ahead the Way has gone, and we must follow if we can, Pursuing it with steady feet, until it joins a larger Way, where many paths and errands meet, and wither then we can't yet say



I see the Theosofist

I see the Theosofist (Alturn) is quoting dogma (whether true or false) again. I would rather read his own thoughts and ideas without reference to doubtful authority. (yes, I looked into Theosophy forty or fifty years ago and found it entertaining but not convincing)



Amy Chua's 'Battle Hymn of

Amy Chua's 'Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother' compares her parenting style as a Chinese-immigrant "success story" perspective to an American mother. She says American mothers are soft, indulgent, and don't shame kids enough to push them to do better. She openly admits to verbally abusing them in public no yet to "achieve the American dream."

The timing and nature of the book and this article just confound my sense of place at the moment. Here's an immigrant whose American Ivy League law degree, and years of living here still emboldens her to "embrace the harshness and ruthlessness of Chinese life, only that she's here instead. And writing a "how-to" book about it that is selling off the shelves. Timely indeed.



The mainstream mass media in

The mainstream mass media in this country is the first normative institution in the history of the world driven solely by the profit motive. As such, it promotes the values and behaviors that sustain the consumer capitalist economy that is the basis of profit in our system. Those values and behaviors -- selfishness, impulsivity, improvidence, promiscuity, the advantaging of appearance to the exclusion of any inner source of worth, etc. -- are corrosive and stand in direct contrast to the values and behaviors of all other normative institutions -- like frugality, forethought, responsibility, cooperation, and compassion -- whose goal is to sustain social cohesion. Until and unless we create and sustain an independent, non-profit media (like, for example, Trurhout) we can fret all we want, but the disintegration of our culture will continue and, aggravated by the "new normal" of chronic economic uncertainty, accelerate.

God help the United States. And God help the rest of the world in trying to confront and contain the United States.



"Here's an immigrant whose

"Here's an immigrant whose American Ivy League law degree, and years of living here still emboldens her to "embrace the harshness and ruthlessness of Chinese life, only that she's here instead. And writing a "how-to" book about it that is selling off the shelves."

Trust me, as someone who attended a school of this calibre, if she went there as an immigrant she did NOT come here poor, no matter what she fabricates to make her book sell.

My brother spent a year in china straddling the wide gulf between rich and poor. One of the "average" persons on the wealthier side of this divide complained to my brother one day about being limited by her parents to 150 THOUSAND us dollars on a single shopping trip, at which point my brother had to inform her of the US median wage. If this woman could immigrate and go to harvard, she was definitely in this group, and does not deserve to be taken seriously by average americans..



Anyone remember 'Original

Anyone remember 'Original Sin"? Seems like I am reading contemporary proof of some such thing. Call it what you will, this seems to be a human phenomenon by no means limited to Americans. Look anywhere on the globe and you will find examples of man's cruelty to man (or women, take your pick). We have simply lost touch with what it means to be human, lost and unable to find our way. We teach our children as best we can, but we can only teach them what we know and who we are. The blind leading the blind? We need to find the 'god in us' as some have said, or someone/thing outside of ourselves to help us (re)learn what it means to be truly HUMAN. History suggests we have not made much progress.



The cruel streak in the

The cruel streak in the United States goes back a long, long way. First directed against Native Americans, then against slaves, and always against the "lower orders" of society, the wage laborers and other so-called "losers" those who failed to thrive in a hyper-competitive environment. The sink-or-swim quality of American was noticed as far back as de Toqueville when he researched Democracy in America. Why do we have by far the largest prison population per capita of any other so-called advanced country? Why do we constantly get involved in violent interventions far from our shores. Interventions which almost always end up producing horrifying blowback against us later on? I think it comes from a deep sadistic streak in the heart of Americans, and the truth is that this is clearly recognized by many who live in other countries, who have come to not trust us. They hear the golden words we say and then compare them to the deeds that follow. The writer of this piece has not taken the analysis of American cruelty to a deep enough level, but perhaps we need an updated America-centered version of Freud's Civilization and Its Discontents to complete the task.



This is a standard "blame

This is a standard "blame the right wing" screed. It is simply not adequate to the scale of the problem - although the right wing is completely vile - as is the left wing as well.
A good place to start is Robert Pirsig's analysis of American sociality in his book "Lila," the sequel to Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. Pirsig gives a brilliant paradigm for beginning to understand why sociality or what he calls static social quality has such a hard time in America. Pirsig's brilliant work has been completely ignored by American "thinkers."
And by the way, another cause of American violence has been the decline of Christian values. Some of this has been brought about by the churches themselves - I'd be the first to admit - which have sold out to the Empire. But another cause of it has been the contempt for religion manifested by the "intellectuals" and their lackeys in the press.
On many fronts we need to develop a more humble attitude about what makes life in society possible. Blaming the Right (or the Left) is just no longer an option.



This could be dismissed as

This could be dismissed as loony right-wing political theatre if it were not for the low levels of civic literacy displayed by so many Americans who choose to believe and invest in this type of hate talk. On the contrary, while it may be idiocy, it reveals a powerful set of political, economic and educational forces at work in miseducating the American public while at the same time extending the culture of cruelty.

We could begin by TURNING OFF THE TV, and going out and talking to someone in your neighborhood about current affairs.

I cancelled my cable TV several months ago, and wow, all of a sudden I have much more time to do other things, things that turn out to have something to do with my life.



Violence is within man of

Violence is within man of any clime. More within some than others. This is not uniquely American, but what is uniquely American is the point in the 'violence cycle' we are--a the top--it has worked well for us so far, so why do otherwise?--until the time comes, as other INTELLIGENT nations we understand this natural inclination needs to be subdued and controled and those energies directed differently.Why?Simply because it engenders more and does not solve problems.But that takes time and wisdom. America had a lot of cumulative that wisdom coming from centuries of violence in Europe and elsewhere. They pooled their intelligences here to make something different. Increasing violence is the current coin, the current talk of the nation. And good caring hospital care and circumcision are not problematic.You do not want to be not circumcised. There are many societes as vicious as ours that do not have much of these occurences. What is so shocking about America, is she was founded to be different, and is stumbling in her course. May she be able to right herself.



I, too, have shuddered at

I, too, have shuddered at these truths, so well expressed in this essay. From the exceptionalism at the heart of Judeo-Christianity through the exceptionalism of Manifest Destiny, the perversion of Darwinism ("social Darwinism") which originated here and was taken to its first extreme in Germany, the zero sum game of "free-market" capitalism, our immense militarization and need to rationalize nonsensical wars and the growing suspicion that we are using up our resources and soon only the immensely wealthy and well-armed will survive, there are many forces converging to produce our cruelty.

Apparently we have aggression in our simian genes, for history is full of examples of savagery and bloodlust. Our contrasting potential for gentleness, nurture, empathy and brotherhood needs to be cultivated to flourish. Unfortunately, we have chosen to nurture the worst in our nature.

It is breathtaking to contemplate how much creativity we devote to our own destruction.



Can you imagine how much you

Can you imagine how much you have spent on the military over the last 20 years! can you imagine spending half that amount on developing your social system, education, healthcare and infrastucture!! Wow what a country you would have had!!

---

This is so true . . .



"And by the way, another

"And by the way, another cause of American violence has been the decline of Christian values. "

Which christian values?

are we talking about the justification of torturing and burning midwives and the socially unpopular as witches, or perhaps we're talking about the christian drive since the middle ages to "spread the faith" by committing ethnocide and (in our case especially) genocide against indigenous peoples, or perhaps we are talking about the general puritan belief that those with the most wealth obviously have it because they are the most virtuous, because they have a "divine right" (why does that sound familiar again?).

Christianity has nothing to do with avoidance of war. The bible belt has the largest number of those empty-gesture ribbons which silently say " we equate criticizing neo-conservative chicken-hawks with hating the thousands of young americans their pet wars kill every year"



I'll go out on a limb and

I'll go out on a limb and figure my machine is too slow, but only once! needful things's inane post is still in Comments, as is Anonymous on 1/24 at 22:09's. Neither of you really addressed the subject matter of the article.



I agree with this article in

I agree with this article in regard to the sad state that we are in, but I do not see what the actions of a mentally ill person have to do with anything. The mentally ill act without reason or logic. It makes no difference what kind of society they live in. The best we can do is to try and keep guns out of the hands of crazy people.



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