If You Think the Civil War Ever Ended, Think Again

by: Adele Stan  |  AlterNet

But the larger issue is the notion that a Confederate History Month should be celebrated at all, with or without an overt mention of slavery.

When I first moved to Washington, D.C., I had hardly a stick of furniture, so I boarded a bus to take me to the nearest Ikea, which was in a Virginia mall. Quite unfamiliar with the territory, I watched out the window with curiosity as the bus traveled along the chain-store lined route.

Soon I noticed we were traveling along a road called the Jefferson Davis Highway. I was stunned, and a bit sick to my stomach. How could it be that a highway was named after a man who made war against the United States, all so the citizens of his region could continue to hold human beings in chains? All so slave masters could continue to rape the women they claimed to own. The children of these unions were usually enslaved by their own fathers, often acting as servants to their white half-brothers and -sisters.

That throughout a significant swath of the nation, men who committed treason for the sake of maintaining chattel slavery are lauded as heroes speaks to a terrible illness in the American psyche -- one that continues to fester 145 years after the last shot was fired in the War Between the States.

African-Americans know that the Civil War never ended: as the descendants of the slaves freed by the war's outcome, they've been subjected to continuous stream of terrorism and discrimination, whether they live in the South or the North.

But in the South, black people, for 100 years after the war, faced orders of terror higher than elsewhere in the country. Chattel slavery in America was reserved primarily for those of their race (although, in some areas, Native Americans were also traded as slaves), marking them by skin color as the living legacy of the Confederacy's final humiliation.

Virginia Gov. Bob McDonnell's proclamation this week naming April as "Confederate History Month" raised eyebrows for its omission of a mention of slavery. That is indeed telling, of a piece with the trope about the Civil War being fought merely over the constitutional provisions concerning states' rights. Even though I grew up in the North, my schoolbooks perpetrated this idea.

It's a twisted argument, one that leaves out what the states were demanding the right to do: maintain slavery.

But the larger issue is the notion that a Confederate History Month should be celebrated at all, with or without an overt mention of slavery. If anything, the era of the Confederacy should be regarded as a dark and shameful episode, as should Sherman's burning of Atlanta -- a war crime if there ever was one.

In America, we don't like to look at our history, and this veneration of the Confederacy in the states of the South only feeds the "America, right or wrong" ethos that imbues our notion of patriotism. We, as a people, maintain willful ignorance of what our government does to other nations, allowing us a stream of righteous indignation when our more lethal interventions blow up in our national face.

The election of Barack Obama, the first U.S. president of African descent, has energized the Confederacy-lovers and others bent on defying his legitimacy as the nation's leader. The cause of states' rights is again on fire, with 10th Amendment groups sprouting up around the country.

Although Obama has initiated no change to existing gun laws, gun-rights advocates tout him as a far greater threat than any president before him. On April 19, a "Second Amendment march on Washington" will take place, somewhat hampered by the District of Columbia's gun laws. But on the outskirts of the capital, gun-owners from the group, Restore the Constitution, will gather at a park in Northern Virginia, where the gun laws are far more lenient, even allowing the carrying of concealed handguns if the bearer has a permit. (A permit is not required to walk about with a firearm in a holster.) Virginia has reciprocity on its conceal/carry law with all but three of the states that formed the Confederacy.

April 19th marks the date in which the first shots of the Revolutionary War were fired at Lexington and Concord in 1775. It is also the date on which the FBI burned the Branch Davidian complex in Waco, Texas, to the ground in 1993. And it is the date on which Timothy McVeigh blew up the federal Murrah building in Oklahoma City in 1995, killing 168 people, including 19 children.

It's easy to make fun of the wing-nuts. But there's a storm brewing, egged on by the veneration of the Confederacy.

CORRECTION: This article originally stated that only Africans and people of African descent were enslaved under the chattel system in the U.S. (Chattel means that they were deemed a piece of property, owned outright, to be bought or sold.) Native Americans, too, were captured and traded as slaves. The correction has been made in the body of the text.

Adele Stan is AlterNet's Washington bureau chief. © 2010 Independent Media Institute. All rights reserved. View this story online at: http://www.alternet.org/story/146366/ 

All republished content that appears on Truthout has been obtained by permission or license.





     

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Let's not forget the Irish,

Let's not forget the Irish, there were also significant numbers of Irish slaves throughout the Caribbean and the American South... oh wait, maybe that doesn't fit with your convenient narrative? How about the fact that the New England puritans were the largest traders of slaves in the New World, dominating much of the active trade in the western hemisphere? Or that Brown University owes their endowment to slave money?

I agree with your statements about racism being an ongoing (and shameful) problem in the United States, but your central premise seems disingenuous. Tea Party = gun-nuts = Southerners = racists = secessionists... that simply isn't logic that applies in any rational way. And yes, I'm making a strawman here, but it's to illustrate the point that you seem to be skirting around.

To be clear... the election of Bob McDonnell is a terrible stain on Virginia politics, as are the ongoing antics of his lapdog Ken Cuccinelli... but it's not indicative of the culture of Virginians at large, and it's rather rude for you to imply otherwise. Frankly, you need to rid yourself of the smug Beltway attitude, because the "rest of Virginia" outside the DC suburbs isn't actually the wild redneck dystopia that you fantasize it to be. The Tea Party nuts make a lot of noise, but their rants do not reflect the opinions or desires of Virginians in general.



"Let's not forget the Irish"

"Let's not forget the Irish" indeed! A Virginian states that, "Virginia outside the DC suburbs isn't actually the wild redneck dystopia that you fantasize it to be". The only fantasies I'm reading are those of the Virginian. No one claimed that all Virginians or all southerners are rednecks, but quite frankly it is only in white supremacists compounds that you will ever see a confederate flag flying anywhere north of the Mason Dixon. The American Civil War was about one thing, and that was slavery. Adele Stan's article is considerate, well written, and factual.



I find it both sad and

I find it both sad and ironic in a way; when Obama was first elected, there was a mood that we were now living in a post-racial society. Many heralded the idea that racism was officially dead in the United States now that an African American had achieved the highest office in the land.
Yet, in the year since he took office, the racial divides that do in fact exist have been laid more bare than at any time since the end of the 1960's. Anger, mistrust, and even some downright violence have stirred up in the wake of his genuinely historic presidency. And now we realize just how far as nation we have to go yet.



In Germany it is ILLEGAL to

In Germany it is ILLEGAL to display nazi flags or
to disseminate nazi literature or to hold
nostalgic meetings extolling the nazi era.
Does Virginia think it is Austria?
Ask Arnold, he runs California.



"Insurgent"US Confederates

"Insurgent"US Confederates have given legitimacy to what we misname the Iraqui Insurgents, they are Iraqui Resistance to foreigners--from across the seas!!! For those who define themselves by wars: we will all agree that WW1 &2 brought the USA to superpower standing; maybe the Iraqui & Afghan Wars will reverse this standing.



I've always found it very

I've always found it very odd that the Confederacy is celebrated in this odd way. It's as if Germans hung out swastikas and dressed up in SS uniforms on holidays.



The Civil War will not end

The Civil War will not end until intolerance is quashed. Please look into the vital work of the Southern Poverty Law Center and its programs of, "Teaching Tolerance" and "Hate Watch." The first one puts teaching kits in every elementary, middle and high school in the nation aimed at ending racial and other forms of bigotry everywhere. The second one keeps watch on all the hate groups across the nation and uses the law to shut them down. I'm on a monthly donor program to help them disseminate their crucial messages. I feel this is the best way to end discrimination and the indoctrination of children to these evil groups and their views.



Displaying a confederate

Displaying a confederate flag is basically a form of treason. A stronger form of treason is advocating secession. Stronger still is joining a group that wants to overthrow the government. Yet the people who do these things always seem to believe they are patriotic!



Germany had to be totally

Germany had to be totally leveled. Now it is a peace leader. Maybe one day the South will learn to be a moral leader rather than revering moral idiocy.



For someone that was born on

For someone that was born on the South side of Chicago and works for an organization based out of San Francisco I can understand much better the writer of this article. As I read this article I could not help but think of my father, my grandfathers and my great grandfathers that were born and raised in the rural South. All the above mentioned were descent and honorable people. Because of these good men I became the very first College Graduate in my family and added a Masters Degree to my resume. Being poor was not a sin for these good men. However being poor for so long because of "Reconstruction" that the South endured for up to 12 years was indeed sinful. This so called "Reconstruction" was created by a central Government in Washington D.C. as retribution for our so called sins. We all know that Slavery was a sin. No one denies this. However insinuating that the South is filled with white people that hate black people on a grand scale is redundant and downright hateful. Please keep in mind that Obama is just as white as he is black. What I understand most from this article is that tolerance is not your your best quality. Good day to you Sir.



the american civil war

the american civil war continues in Central and Southamerica until they accept the rule of Washington



One can only hope this

One can only hope this resurgent confederate movement will lead to secession. I for one will be glad to see them go.



so which 'america' do you

so which 'america' do you believe in? i've lived in the north and the south of this schizophrenic nation. i would have to say my experience of the south is that yes, racism is alive, well and even institutionalized via 'cultural tradition' for lack of a better term. its also alive and pretty robust in a different way in the north. but racism isn't the only 'great divider' in this country by far. some time ago i saw the movie: Romeo and Juliet of Sarajevo, while watching the film with its footage of the siege of a modern very 'western' looking city and story of brother against brother etc, i had a unsettling revelatory moment of realizing 'it could happen here', by that i mean it would seem what holds this nation together is actually pretty ephemeral and certainly subject to disintegration under the perfect storm of events and their perceived meaning (spin). let me add that our current media controllers, as well as all other powers-that-be have become rather adept at the spin cycle as well as large segments of our population being completely heart-brain-dead yet nursing an inarticulate half-baked rage against any perceived 'other'.



"A Virginian" attempts to

"A Virginian" attempts to muddy the waters here but he fails. If he and other Virginians believe that the Tea Party and Confederates "do not reflect the opinions or desires of Virginians in general." then why aren't these good Virginians standing up and being counted. He's your Governor. You voted for him. Cucinelli is your Atty. General. Where was your voice when he decided, on your behalf, to sue the U.S. government about the health care Bill? But you immediately came to the defense of the Irish! How many Irish only water fountains do you remember? how many Irish Only schools were in the great state of Virginia? Fight the real fight. The Irish do not face the discrimination that Blacks have in your state.



The Texas Confederacy

The Texas Confederacy Secession Act (2010)
(Mr. Boehner speaking) Having mobilized
the couch potatoes nation wide , we have
won a great victory for evils, weevils, and
all other bad things. From Thursday next at
12:01 A.M.. TexasTime, the states of the
1860s rebellion shall constitute the
DumbFluck States of the Texas Confederacy.
(with national snack the FritoLay CornDaawwgg)



My understanding is that the

My understanding is that the Pres. Lincoln initially had no intention of abolishing slavery in the South: the issue was whether slavery should or should not be allowed in the new states and territories up for statehood.

It is interesting to note that Gen. Sherman's March to the Sea, which destroyed the industrial base of the South, set a precedent for the destruction of the industrial bases of Europe in World War II and, more recently, Iraq. In World War I and previous European conflicts, armies left factories untouched, with output going to whichever side was occupying the area at a given moment.



I'm a Yankee who got

I'm a Yankee who got transplanted years ago to the South, and--if I didn't think I might get shot at or have my car beat on-- I would love to have a bumper sticker that says, "The North Won, Get Over It."



First, name the war

First, name the war properly. The War (now Defense) Department labeled it "The War of the Rebellion". I prefer to call it the War of the Confederate Insurrection. And yes, the Jefferson Davis Highway should be renamed Emancipation Freeway in an act of federal eminent domain.



What people fail to realize

What people fail to realize is that the Civil War never really ended; simply went underground. Celebration of the Confederacy is certainly an act of hostile provocation, if not simple treason. To think that these resentments have festered and developed into erupting boils after all these years. The style is to mouth tolerance, but in their dark hearts, many Southern Whites feel they have been cast as "evil-doers." This is more than uncomfortable for them, because they experience the cognitive dissonance of also being religious. It's a tough thing to square in your Christian soul--having that inchoate lump of racism in the bottom of your stomach, yet trying to show the country that you're just commemorating the boys who died on the wrong side of history.
The sham wouldn't be quite so offensive if the "celebration" included the role of Blacks in this cozy
picture. Omitting them in the "celebration" is simply the present day, "polite" way of negating them as people--people intrinsic to the story of the "greatness" of the Confederacy. After all, Human Capital is valuable stuff! Next year, let the Blacks run the "celebration!"



"displaying the confederate

"displaying the confederate flag guy" you are a tool bag succession is not treason you are another reason why ignorance flourishes in the USA. "I hold it that a little rebellion now and then is a good thing, & as necessary in the political world as storms in the physical." - Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, Paris, 30 January 1787- im in the military and you know who I see more than anyone get discriminated white males and any female because everyone else uses that stupid ass stigma that really the only people who could possibly be racist are white people. racism will never go away get over it everyone is on equal ground now kinda affrimative action is still in place which is stupid bullshit and lowers the standards of people like OH WAIT FIREFIGHTERS AND POLICE, etc maybe all for the sake of someone having a false sense of security. the civil war was not about slavery lincoln made it about slavery so no one else would get involved and he used the Eproclamation as a military tactic just before the war he voted to keep slavery you people are brainwashed fools



Plus the only reason this

Plus the only reason this flag has been given a bad name is because of the shitty school system and the countless hate groups using it for there on will, these people who raise the flag cant own slaves so why give a shit if they fly it, "But it does me no injury for my neighbor to say there are twenty gods or no God. It neither picks my pocket nor breaks my leg. -Thomas Jefferson"
get the idea losers you people are the ones who inflame racism you look for it in harmless areas of none issues, the flag you talk about isnt even the flag of the confederacy, history is writen by the winners and if i was going done in history id make myself look as shinny as possible like linclon did, the reason they fought the war has never changed since the boston tea party it is only the people, places and outcome that do, it is always about something trying to make you do something you dont want to, taking away your rights without your consent, the south believe it to be their right even though misguided they would have died if they had just given the slaves up seeing how they probable couldnt support themselves without them, this issue was never brought to a vote in the south only in the north during the successions, they could of easily figure out a way to draw down the slavery over and had no war



anonymous at 08:33 You seem

anonymous at 08:33

You seem to think you know what was in the minds of those who lived 150 or 250 years ago. I can tell you it makes no difference who or what you quote from history. As a white man who was born, raised and lives in the south, I am a witness that racism and forms of bigotry and hatred are still taught and practiced. The 1960s did make a difference in that most of the bigotry is less blatant than it was just a few decades ago (but growing again). This is the real fact; many white southerners were raised up in a culture in which racism is a cultural model and in that cultural model resentment and contempt for those who call for reconciling the injuries caused by a legacy of brutality always emerges to reveal the convicted. The Gov. of Virginia wanting to put the Confederacy on a pedestal should at the very least, make any true American suspicious.



The Civil war wasn't about

The Civil war wasn't about ending slavery. That was incidental.

It was a war about states rights and the intrusive control of the federal government.

The Confederate states (in their own twisted way) were fighting for freedom in terms of states rights. They viewed the Federal government as oppressive.

That same feeling is at the root of why people are against National Health Care Reform and other entitlement programs.

I was born in the NorthEast, so a power a centralized government has in our lives is never up for debate. Visiting other parts of the country, this is still very much an issue. The Federal Government own a lot of the land in the West and this rubs people the wrong way. The South still very much has an issue about being ruled over by people in a "far off Capitol"

The Civil War sites I've visited in Alabama make more references to the "Federals" and "Northern Aggression". Just read and listen to the tone and you can understand why there is a "Tea Party" movement.

The North's goal wasn't out to free the slaves. It was to bring the renegade states back into the Union. It was all about centralized federal control vs. the rights and legal powers of the state governments.



The "states eights" issue is

The "states eights" issue is irrational, given that state governments are just as intrusive, centrally controlled by a mere handful of people and bureaucrats - if not more so, than the Federal. People may say the Civil War was or wasn't about this or that, but the fact still remains that the Confederate flag is still an icon that reminds us of behaviors, that are now considered crimes against humanity.

Most of the people shouting for "states rights" haven't a clue about the ways their own state"s government easily infringes on their own independence. These are usually limited issue voters, poorly informed, but seduced by ideological fervor.



@aefman: I never said it was

@aefman:

I never said it was rational. But to understand what these people are thinking you have to explore why they feel the way they do.

To simply dismiss them as irrational is to do so at our peril.

From their view point, they are perfectly rational.

Understanding their view point and addressing it would do more to bring this country together rather than each side dismissing the other as "stupid and irrational".

You make a lot of good points.

Simply put, a lot of people don't trust the Federal Government.

A lot of people in the South (and other "non-culturally elite" regions) REALLY REALLY don't trust the Federal Government



I understand your point M8R.

I understand your point M8R. However, to call their thinking irrational is not to dismiss it, but it does define it for it is.

In fact, I am all for limiting the powers of government - both state and federal, even municipal. Having a critical eye on the powers of government is a healthy and essential practice for a democracy.

But it has become all too common in these times, that the ideological extreme is given more credibility than it deserves. It seems the more hysterical a political position, the more attention it gets - as if to say the more attention you get the more credible you become. Since this is becoming the norm - it is important to point it out, otherwise the rational view gets shoved into the closet, becoming just as simply dismissed as you claim I dismiss the irrational view. This needs to change.



@Aefman: Unfortunately

@Aefman: Unfortunately everything you've said is sad but true.



Just seeing how long and

Just seeing how long and varied the comments are that follow this article should show that the country is still divided and also shows that no one likes to be generalized. I was born and raised in Seattle Wa. as far from the capitol and south as one can get. I spent 6 months in the big TX before running home to where people are polite and I would not get the stink eye for letting a black lady cut in front of me with her diapers at the walmart... Many times I have wanted my state to leave the union, away from the south and north.



Another Civil War

Another Civil War Irony:
Sarah Palin is to be speaking here in Lane County (named for Breckenridge's running mate) soon, in a talk which the Lane county Republicans are calling a "Lincoln Day" program.

The Irony is that so many of her Tea Party followers hate everything that Abraham Lincoln fought for, and have never accepted the outcome of the Civil War.

As Pam Stott, a Tea Party activist said, she doesn't want violence, but if they are pushed they " might have to fight."

This is exactly the sort of irrational stupidity which allowed the 18% of Americans who supported Breckenridge/Lane to cause a war which almost destroyed America.



Although the Branch Davidian

Although the Branch Davidian compound did indeed burn to the ground, it is playing into the wingnuts spin of the events to specifically blame the FBI for the fire. A lot of devastating blunders were made by the ATF,who more correctly were in charge of the raid on the the compound. However, they did not purposely burn it down. During the raid, the improperly stored fuel and ammo within the compound tower were ignited as Branch members and federal agents traded gunfire. A horrible outcome to be sure.



The five southern colonies

The five southern colonies of Maryland, Virginia, North Caroilina, South Carolina and Georgia, would have never united with the rest of the colonies in resisting the British in the revolutionary war had they known they'd be locked into the Union forever.
Indeed, they were rather tricked into getting involved by a Continental Army General Greene taking the war there by leading the British on a wild goose chase, knowing a by-product of his ruse was to lay waste of the countryside and create chaos. The British Army never caught up with Greene, but his plan succeeded in creating enough chaos and rape and pillage on the part of both armies that the South finally woke up and joined with the rest of the colonies in the Revolution.
Anyway, they figured they had a right to secede, and in 1861, they did. The War of Northern aggression took that right away- form all of us, including Washington state.



I'd like to thank M8R (The

I'd like to thank M8R (The Civil War Wasn't About)
And Anonymous (The five Southern Colonies) for helping to prove my point.



"...the era of the

"...the era of the Confederacy should be regarded as a dark and shameful episode, as should Sherman's burning of Atlanta -- a war crime if there ever was one." Overall, I agree with the sentiment in this article. However, as a Civil War historian, I feel compelled to correct this statement about Sherman. The fires in Atlanta started BEFORE the Union troops moved into the city. So how could they have started them? In fact, Sherman was pretty upset that he was taking possession of a charred cinder of a city. That wasn't what he wanted at all.



Wars of revenge seldom

Wars of revenge seldom accomplish any thing. If we had a Marshal plan after WWI we might not have had an economical situation that bred the hate and revenge of Hitler's acceptance. Wars are obsolete.



No, Sherman did burn an

No, Sherman did burn an entire swath of the South, including Atlanta. Sherman's March to the Sea was a war crime; you, a historian, should not be allowed to revise history to suit whatever meme you are pushing.

Slavery will never end on this planet until the last human draws breath. You crying babes should take your outrage to the African continent and confront the modern slaveries; as well as to the nations that observe Islamic S'haria laws. Women are treated as chattel.

Americans are so rotten and spoiled. I'll be glad to see you fall, fall, fall to the status of a third-world nation, and soonest.